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Related Concept Videos

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation01:22

Inorganic Nitrogen Assimilation

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Nitrogen is an essential element in biological systems, forming a crucial component of proteins, nucleic acids, and other cellular constituents. Many bacteria and archaea acquire nitrogen in the form of nitrate (NO₃⁻) or ammonia (NH₃), which are then assimilated into biomolecules through specific enzymatic pathways.Assimilatory Nitrate ReductionWhen nitrate enters the cell, it undergoes a two-step reduction process known as assimilatory nitrate reduction. Initially, the enzyme...
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Carbon-dioxide Fixation01:28

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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Nitrogen atoms, present in all proteins and DNA, are recycled between abiotic and biotic components of the ecosystem. However, the primary form of nitrogen on Earth is nitrogen gas, which cannot be used by most animals and plants. Thus, nitrogen gas must first be converted into a usable form by nitrogen-fixing bacteria before it can be cycled through other living organisms. The use of nitrogen-containing fertilizers and animal waste products in human agriculture has greatly influenced the...
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Ammonia Synthesis at Low Pressure
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A novel energy efficient path for nitrogen fixation using a non-thermal arc.

Iqbal Muzammil1, Dae Hoon Lee1, Duy Khoe Dinh1

  • 1Department of Environmental and Energy Systems, Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials 156 Gajeongbuk-Ro, Yuseong-Gu Daejeon South Korea dhlee@kimm.re.kr.

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|April 15, 2022
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Summary

Plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation offers a sustainable alternative to the Haber-Bosch process. Enhancing arc plasma with non-thermal methods significantly lowers energy use and boosts efficiency for nitrogen fixation applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Engineering
  • Plasma Science
  • Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

  • Plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation presents a cleaner alternative to the Haber-Bosch process.
  • Current limitations include high energy consumption and low production rates.
  • Optimizing plasma conditions is crucial for practical application.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of non-thermal enhancement of arc plasma on nitrogen fixation efficiency and production rate.
  • To identify optimal specific energy input (SEI) for energy efficiency and NO selectivity.
  • To compare the performance with existing nitrogen fixation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing non-thermal (non-equilibrium) enhancement of arc plasma.
  • Systematically varying specific energy input (SEI) from 0.1 kJ L⁻¹.
  • Measuring energy consumption, production rate, and NO selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Non-thermal plasma enhancement significantly reduced energy consumption for nitrogen fixation.
  • High energy efficiency and NO selectivity (up to 95%) were achieved at low SEI (0.1 kJ L⁻¹).
  • The process achieved an energy consumption of approximately 48 GJ per tN, comparable to the Haber-Bosch process.

Conclusions:

  • Non-thermal arc plasma enhancement is a viable strategy to overcome energy consumption limitations in plasma-assisted nitrogen fixation.
  • Optimized SEI allows for both high energy efficiency and high NO selectivity.
  • This approach offers a promising, sustainable pathway for atmospheric nitrogen fixation.