Thriving artificial underwater drag-reduction materials inspired from aquatic animals: progresses and challenges

Area of Science:

• Biomimetics
• Fluid Dynamics
• Materials Science

Background:

• Drag-reduction surfaces are crucial for various applications, yet many materials require further exploration.
• Aquatic organisms possess evolved microstructures offering effective natural drag reduction.
• Bionic principles derived from aquatic animals inspire novel artificial drag-reduction materials.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review drag-reduction surfaces inspired by aquatic animals.
• To detail bionic objects, their drag-reduction mechanisms, and effects.
• To summarize bionic manufacturing methods and applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of aquatic animal-inspired drag-reduction surfaces.
• Analysis of drag-reduction mechanisms and effects in bionic designs.
• Summary of preparation methods and applications in diverse fields.

Main Results:

• Aquatic animals like sharks and dolphins serve as effective bionic models.
• Understanding their surface structures and mechanisms aids artificial material development.
• Bionic surfaces show promise in traffic, energy, sports, and agriculture.

Conclusions:

• Significant progress has been made in aquatic animal-inspired drag reduction.
• Further research is needed to address existing challenges and explore future prospects.
• This review provides a comprehensive understanding of the current research status.