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This study presents the first measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation in high-momentum-transfer lepton-proton scattering. The results are compared with quantum chromodynamics calculations and Monte Carlo simulations.

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Area of Science:

  • High-energy particle physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)

Background:

  • Understanding the structure of protons and the behavior of quarks and gluons is crucial in high-energy physics.
  • Lepton-proton scattering experiments probe these fundamental interactions at high momentum transfers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present the first measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation in lepton-proton scattering.
  • To compare these measurements with theoretical predictions from quantum chromodynamics and Monte Carlo simulations.

Main Methods:

  • Data collected using the H1 detector at the Hadron-Electron Ring Collider (HERA).
  • Detector effects corrected using an unbinned machine learning algorithm (multifold) considering eight observables.
  • Unfolded cross sections compared with theoretical calculations (collinear and transverse-momentum-dependent factorization) and event generators.

Main Results:

  • First measurement of lepton-jet momentum imbalance and azimuthal correlation at high momentum transfer.
  • Comparison of experimental data with theoretical models of particle interactions.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides new experimental data for testing quantum chromodynamics predictions in a specific kinematic regime.
  • The application of machine learning for detector unfolding is demonstrated.