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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

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Breakthrough Gastrointestinal COVID-19 and Intrahost Evolution Consequent to Combination Monoclonal Antibody
Brandon J Beddingfield1, Lori A Rowe1, Kasi E Russell-Lodrigue1
1Tulane National Primate Research Center, Covington, Louisiana, USA.
Abstract:
Breakthrough gastrointestinal COVID-19 was observed after experimental SARS-CoV-2 upper mucosal infection in a rhesus macaque undergoing low-dose monoclonal antibody prophylaxis. High levels of viral RNA were detected in intestinal sites contrasting with minimal viral replication in upper respiratory mucosa. Sequencing of virus recovered from tissue in 3 gastrointestinal sites and rectal swab revealed loss of furin cleavage site deletions present in the inoculating virus stock and 2 amino acid changes in spike that were detected in 2 colon sites but not elsewhere, suggesting compartmentalized replication and intestinal viral evolution. This suggests suboptimal antiviral therapies promote viral sequestration in these anatomies.
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