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Microbial torularhodin - a comprehensive review.

Cassamo U Mussagy1,2, Maria Gonzalez-Miquel3, Valeria C Santos-Ebinuma2

  • 1Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Critical Reviews in Biotechnology
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Torularhodin, a microbial carotenoid, offers antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial benefits. Microbial production presents advantages for sustainable extraction of this valuable natural compound.

Keywords:
Torularhodinantioxidantbiorefinerycarotenoidcolorantxanthophyllyeast

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology and Natural Products Chemistry
  • Microbial Fermentation and Bioprocessing

Background:

  • Growing demand for natural food, feed, cosmeceutical, and nutraceutical additives.
  • Carotenoids, particularly xanthophylls, are sought for potent antioxidant properties.
  • Torularhodin, a xanthophyll from red oleaginous yeast, exhibits multifaceted health benefits but remains commercially underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive review of torularhodin's properties, characteristics, and health benefits.
  • To analyze microbial production methods, including upstream and downstream processing.
  • To discuss the current status and future trends for torularhodin applications.

Main Methods:

  • Review of scientific literature on torularhodin production by microorganisms.
  • Analysis of biosynthesis pathways and physicochemical properties of torularhodin.
  • Evaluation of extraction, separation, and purification techniques for microbial carotenoids.

Main Results:

  • Torularhodin is exclusively produced by microbial species, primarily red oleaginous yeast.
  • Microbial production offers advantages like reduced space, easier extraction, and independence from environmental factors.
  • Torularhodin demonstrates significant antioxidant, anticancer, and antimicrobial activities.

Conclusions:

  • Torularhodin is a promising natural compound with significant market potential in various industries.
  • Microbial fermentation is an advantageous and sustainable method for torularhodin production.
  • Further research into biorefinery and circular economy approaches can enhance torularhodin's commercial viability as therapeutic agents or biomaterials.