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Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies.

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Healthcare Associated Infections II: Preventive Measures

Essential infection prevention measures are based on the knowledge of the infection chain, the modes of transmission in healthcare settings, and the use of the best practices in all healthcare settings. Compulsory public reporting of healthcare-associated infection rates is needed to allow individuals and the community to make informed choices regarding selecting a healthcare facility.
The best practices for preventing healthcare-associated infections include hand hygiene, patient risk...

Infection

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

Hospitals-I

Hospitals-I

Hospitals offer medical and surgical care to the sick and injured, along with accommodation while they recover. At the same time, they also provide outpatient, emergency, psychiatric, and rehabilitation services to meet various community needs. In addition to providing medical care, hospitals also act as hubs for medical research and training. Hospitals use clinical procedures and evidence-based practice standards to deliver patient care. To deliver safe and efficient care, a nurse must stay up...

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

Urinary Tract Infection II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of urinary tract infections (UTIs) encompasses several progressive stages, beginning with bacterial colonization and culminating in potential systemic complications if untreated. UTIs are primarily initiated by bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, which often originate from the gastrointestinal tract and migrate to the urinary system through the periurethral area. This migration can occur via several routes, including improper hygiene practices, sexual activity, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Invasion of Human Cells by a Bacterial Pathogen

Invasion of Human Cells by a Bacterial Pathogen

Published on: March 21, 2011

Infections strain UK hospitals.

New Scientist (1971)

|April 18, 2022

Summary

High numbers of patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) significantly strain health services. This impact occurs even when patients are admitted for reasons other than COVID-19.

Area of Science:

Health Services Research
Infectious Diseases
Epidemiology

Background:

The significant burden of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) on healthcare systems is a major global concern.
Understanding the impact of COVID-19 patients on hospital wards, irrespective of their primary reason for admission, is crucial for resource allocation and patient care.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the impact of high patient numbers with COVID-19 on healthcare services.
To determine if the impact on services differs for patients admitted with COVID-19 versus those admitted for other reasons but incidentally testing positive.

Main Methods:

Analysis of hospital admission data and healthcare resource utilization.
Comparison of service impact metrics between different patient cohorts.

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An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

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Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Invasion of Human Cells by a Bacterial Pathogen

Invasion of Human Cells by a Bacterial Pathogen

Published on: March 21, 2011

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

An In Vitro Bladder Model of Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection

Published on: June 24, 2025

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Experimental Human Pneumococcal Carriage

Published on: February 15, 2013

Main Results:

Elevated numbers of patients with COVID-19 in hospital wards exert considerable pressure on health services.
This pressure affects healthcare delivery even for patients admitted for unrelated conditions.

Conclusions:

Healthcare facilities must prepare for the widespread impact of COVID-19 patients on service capacity.
Effective management strategies are needed to mitigate the strain on health services caused by COVID-19 admissions.