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Related Concept Videos

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream01:27

Steady Flow of a Fluid Stream

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Consider a control volume, such as a pipe with solid boundaries, through which fluid flows and changes direction due to the impulse exerted by the resulting force from the pipe walls. In steady flow, the mass of fluid entering the control volume at a given time, t, with velocity v1, is equal to the mass leaving after infinitesimal time dt, with velocity v2.
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Viscosity01:17

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Capillarity in Fluid01:19

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Capillarity describes the movement of liquid in small spaces without external forces acting on it. The capillarity is driven by surface tension and adhesive interactions between the liquid and surrounding solid surfaces. This effect is often seen in narrow tubes, porous materials, and fine particles.
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When a fluid is in constant acceleration, the pressure and buoyant force equations are modified. Suppose a beaker is placed in an elevator accelerating upward with a constant acceleration, a. In the beaker, assume there is a thin cylinder of height h with an infinitesimal cross-sectional area, ΔS.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Fabricating High-viscosity Droplets using Microfluidic Capillary Device with Phase-inversion Co-flow Structure
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Vortex fluidic induced mass transfer across immiscible phases.

Matt Jellicoe1, Aghil Igder1, Clarence Chuah1

  • 1Flinders Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Flinders University Bedford Park SA 5042 Australia colin.raston@flinders.edu.au.

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Summary

This study introduces novel centrifugal flow methods to mix immiscible liquids without additives. These techniques create specific fluid dynamics, enhancing mass transfer and enabling efficient separation and extraction.

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Separation science
  • Interface phenomena

Background:

  • Mixing immiscible liquids typically requires additives like phase transfer catalysts or surfactants.
  • Existing methods often face limitations in efficiency and environmental impact.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore centrifugal flow regimes for mixing immiscible liquids without auxiliary substances.
  • To investigate the role of topological fluid flows in enhancing inter-phase mass transfer.
  • To demonstrate new methods for liquid-liquid extraction and emulsion breaking.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a 45° tilted rotating tube with hemispherical or modified bases.
  • Inducing 'spinning top' (ST) and double helical (DH) topological fluid flows.
  • Employing neutron imaging for layer thickness determination.
  • Using 'molecular drilling' and nanoparticle self-assembly to characterize flow dimensions.

Main Results:

  • Micron to submicron topological flow regimes significantly enhance inter-phase mass transfer.
  • ST and DH flows facilitate liquid transfer between immiscible layers.
  • High rotation speeds induce rapid phase demixing of emulsions.
  • Modified tube bases perturb ST flow while maintaining high mass transfer.

Conclusions:

  • Centrifugal topological flows offer a method to mix immiscible liquids without auxiliary substances.
  • This approach overcomes mass transfer limitations at liquid interfaces.
  • The findings provide new avenues for extraction, separation science, and emulsion prevention.