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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Antimicrobial Proteins01:23

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Antimicrobial proteins are important components of the immune system. They aid the body in combating pathogens by either killing them directly or hindering their replication processes. Four main types of antimicrobial substances are interferons, the complement system, iron-binding proteins, and antimicrobial proteins.
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Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

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The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
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Antibody Actions01:26

Antibody Actions

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Antibodies, or immunoglobulins, are critical players in the immune system's arsenal against invading pathogens. Produced by B cells and plasma cells, their primary role is to detect and bind to specific antigens, molecules found on the surface of pathogens like bacteria or viruses. Beyond antigen recognition, antibodies perform several vital functions that contribute to immune defense.
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Introduction to Innate and Adaptive Immunity01:21

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The human immune system is a complex defense mechanism that protects the body from harmful pathogens and foreign substances. It comprises two crucial components: innate and adaptive immunity.
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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Screening Bioactive Nanoparticles in Phagocytic Immune Cells for Inhibitors of Toll-like Receptor Signaling
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Synthetic Glyconanoparticles Modulate Innate Immunity but Not the Complement System.

Chandradhish Ghosh1, Patricia Priegue1,2, Harin Leelayuwapan1

  • 1Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Mühlenberg 1, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.

ACS Applied Bio Materials
|April 18, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Ultrasmall glyconanoparticles trigger innate immunity without harming the complement system, offering a novel approach for cancer therapy and vaccine adjuvants.

Keywords:
adjuvantsgold nanoparticlesimmunomodulatorsinnate immunityoligomannans

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Immunology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Nanoparticles modulating innate immunity show promise as vaccine adjuvants, antigen carriers, and anticancer therapies.
  • Conventional nanoparticles can activate the complement system, leading to clearance and allergic reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop ultrasmall glyconanoparticles that trigger innate immune responses without significant complement system activation.
  • To investigate the potential of these glyconanoparticles as immunomodulators for cancer therapy and vaccine development.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized ultrasmall (10-15 nm) glyconanoparticles decorated with nonimmunogenic α-(1-6)-oligomannans.
  • Assessed complement system interaction and stability in aqueous solutions.
  • Evaluated cytokine secretion from macrophages via the NF-κB signaling pathway.

Main Results:

  • Glyconanoparticles successfully triggered innate immune responses.
  • Complement system activation was minimal.
  • Negatively charged glyconanoparticles secreted proinflammatory cytokines from macrophages through the NF-κB pathway.

Conclusions:

  • Ultrasmall glyconanoparticles are effective immunomodulators with low complement activation.
  • These nanoparticles represent a promising platform for cancer monotherapy, combination treatments, and vaccine adjuvants.