Phyllosphere Microorganisms: Sources, Drivers, and Their Interactions with Plant Hosts

Area of Science:

• Microbiology
• Plant Science
• Ecology

Background:

• The phyllosphere, plant leaf surfaces, are colonized by microorganisms originating from soil, air, and seeds.
• Compared to the rhizosphere, phyllosphere microbial communities and their functions are less understood.
• Microbial composition is influenced by ecological and abiotic factors.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in phyllosphere research.
• To deepen the understanding of phyllosphere microorganisms and their ecological roles.
• To promote research on plant-atmosphere interactions, plant pathogens, and biological control.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of recent studies on phyllosphere microorganisms.
• Synthesis of current knowledge on microbial colonization, composition, and functions.
• Identification of research limitations and future directions.

Main Results:

• Phyllosphere microorganisms influence leaf functions, longevity, seed mass, fruit development, and plant growth homeostasis.
• Plants interact with phyllosphere microbes via secondary metabolites and immune responses.
• These microbes are vital for ecological stability and environmental assessment.

Conclusions:

• Significant knowledge gaps remain regarding plant-microorganism interaction mechanisms and microbial roles in plant processes.
• Instability of the phyllosphere environment and cultivation challenges limit current research.
• Further research is crucial for advancing our understanding of phyllosphere ecology and its applications.