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Related Concept Videos

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

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Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
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Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

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Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
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General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

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Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
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Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Author Spotlight: Enhancing Success of Ultrasound-Guided Neuraxial Anesthesia in Cases with Difficult Anatomy
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Shoulder tip pain after cesarean section: General versus spinal anesthesia.

F Simsek1, U Kara1, M E Ince1

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology and Reanimation, Gulhane Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, Ankara, Turkey.

Nigerian Journal of Clinical Practice
|April 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Post-cesarean shoulder tip pain is more common with spinal anesthesia than general anesthesia. This study found higher pain frequency and severity, and increased NSAID use in the spinal anesthesia group.

Keywords:
Analgesicsanesthesia generalanesthesia spinalcesarean sectionshoulder pain

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Obstetrics
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Shoulder tip pain (STP) is a frequent postoperative complication after cesarean section.
  • The relationship between anesthesia type and STP incidence requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the incidence and severity of shoulder tip pain between spinal anesthesia and general anesthesia in cesarean section patients.
  • To assess analgesic consumption in the first 24 hours post-cesarean based on anesthesia method.

Main Methods:

  • A randomized clinical study involving 117 cesarean section patients.
  • Patients were allocated to either spinal anesthesia or general anesthesia groups.
  • Comparison of demographic data, STP presence/severity, and analgesic use.

Main Results:

  • Shoulder tip pain occurred significantly more often in the spinal anesthesia group (p = 0.032).
  • No significant difference in opioid use, but higher nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) consumption in the spinal group (P < 0.001).

Conclusions:

  • Cesarean sections performed under spinal anesthesia are associated with a higher frequency and severity of shoulder tip pain compared to general anesthesia.
  • Anesthesia choice may influence postoperative pain management strategies, particularly NSAID requirements.