Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation01:16

Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Thermal Activation

3.8K
Thermal cycloadditions are reactions where the source of activation energy needed to initiate the reaction is provided in the form of heat. A typical example of a thermally-allowed cycloaddition is the Diels–Alder reaction, which is a [4 + 2] cycloaddition. In contrast, a [2 + 2] cycloaddition is thermally forbidden.
3.8K
Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules02:35

Noncovalent Attractions in Biomolecules

56.6K
Noncovalent attractions are associations within and between molecules that influence the shape and structural stability of complexes. These interactions differ from covalent bonding in that they do not involve sharing of electrons.
Four types of noncovalent interactions are hydrogen bonds, van der Waals forces, ionic bonds, and hydrophobic interactions.
Hydrogen bonding results from the electrostatic attraction of a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a strong-electronegative atom like oxygen,...
56.6K
Drug-Receptor Bonds01:25

Drug-Receptor Bonds

3.4K
Drug-receptor bonds are formed through various chemical forces when drugs interact with target cells. Covalent bonds, strong and irreversible, are exemplified by DNA-alkylating anticancer agents that inhibit cell division. However, such irreversible drug binding lacks selectivity and can modify the DNA of the surrounding healthy cells. Covalent binding often contributes to tissue toxicity, as seen with chloroform and paracetamol metabolites binding to the liver, causing hepatotoxicity.
In...
3.4K
MO Theory and Covalent Bonding02:40

MO Theory and Covalent Bonding

11.6K
The molecular orbital theory describes the distribution of electrons in molecules in a manner similar to the distribution of electrons in atomic orbitals. The region of space in which a valence electron in a molecule is likely to be found is called a molecular orbital. Mathematically, the linear combination of atomic orbitals (LCAO) generates molecular orbitals. Combinations of in-phase atomic orbital wave functions result in regions with a high probability of electron density, while...
11.6K
Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding03:00

Molecular Chaperones and Protein Folding

18.6K
The native conformation of a protein is formed by interactions between the side chains of its constituent amino acids. When the amino acids cannot form these interactions, the protein cannot fold by itself and needs chaperones. Notably, chaperones do not relay any additional information required for the folding of polypeptides; the native conformation of a protein is determined solely by its amino acid sequence. Chaperones catalyze protein folding without being a part of the folded protein.
The...
18.6K
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

2.6K
Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order...
2.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mechanochemical assembly of polymer-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes <i>via</i> twin-screw extrusion for large-scale production and material reinforcement.

Chemical communications (Cambridge, England)·2026
Same author

Benchmark Low-Pressure Ethane Uptake for Ethylene Purification Enabled by a Metal-Organic Framework with Confined Pore Space and Abundant Binding Sites.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Unraveling positive deformation rate-elongation relationships in tough and highly stretchable ionogels under rapid deformation.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Perylenediimide-based metal-organic frameworks: structural, electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical characterisation.

Dalton transactions (Cambridge, England : 2003)·2025
Same author

Fluorinated Twists: A Pathway to a Stable Pd<sub>8</sub>L<sub>16</sub> Square Antiprism.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2025
Same author

Encapsulation of reactive species within metal-organic cages.

Chemical science·2025
Same journal

Recent progress in catalytic asymmetric synthesis of triarylmethanes.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

GFP chromophore photophysics: ultrafast dynamics and hot ground state cooling in the neutral form.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Large Stokes shift fluorophores from <i>meta</i>-substituted zwitterions.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

<i>In situ</i> glycosylation-directed H-aggregation of Type I photosensitizers for synergistic biofilm eradication and promoting diabetic wound healing.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Substituent engineering of dynamic covalent bonds enables simultaneous enhancement of performance and recyclability.

Chemical science·2026
Same journal

Visible-light-enabled three-component carboamidation of alkenes with aryl thianthrenium salts.

Chemical science·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Microfluidic Pneumatic Cages: A Novel Approach for In-chip Crystal Trapping, Manipulation and Controlled Chemical Treatment
09:34

Microfluidic Pneumatic Cages: A Novel Approach for In-chip Crystal Trapping, Manipulation and Controlled Chemical Treatment

Published on: July 12, 2016

9.6K

Mechanically interlocked molecular handcuffs.

Nicholas Pearce1, Marysia Tarnowska2, Nathan J Andersen2

  • 1School of Chemistry, University of Birmingham Edgbaston Birmingham B15 2TT UK n.champness@bham.ac.uk.

Chemical Science
|April 20, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review explores handcuff-containing mechanically interlocked molecules, including rotaxanes and catenanes. A new unified nomenclature is proposed to simplify understanding and unlock new molecular architecture designs.

More Related Videos

Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack
07:44

Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

Published on: August 15, 2018

7.2K
Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library
10:17

Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library

Published on: January 14, 2020

7.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Microfluidic Pneumatic Cages: A Novel Approach for In-chip Crystal Trapping, Manipulation and Controlled Chemical Treatment
09:34

Microfluidic Pneumatic Cages: A Novel Approach for In-chip Crystal Trapping, Manipulation and Controlled Chemical Treatment

Published on: July 12, 2016

9.6K
Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack
07:44

Design and Synthesis of a Reconfigurable DNA Accordion Rack

Published on: August 15, 2018

7.2K
Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library
10:17

Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library

Published on: January 14, 2020

7.9K

Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Organic Chemistry

Background:

  • Mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) are complex architectures with covalently linked components.
  • The handcuff motif is a specific interlocking unit found in various MIMs, including rotaxanes and catenanes.
  • Existing nomenclature for these structures is diverse and can lead to confusion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the field of MIMs featuring a handcuff component.
  • To discuss the variety of rotaxane and catenane structures utilizing the handcuff motif.
  • To propose a new, unified nomenclature for these molecules.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of mechanically interlocked molecules with handcuff components.
  • Analysis of existing structural classifications and terminologies.
  • Development of a novel nomenclature system.

Main Results:

  • Comprehensive overview of handcuff-containing rotaxanes and catenanes.
  • Identification of diverse structural arrangements and interlocking mechanisms.
  • Proposal of a simplified and unified nomenclature.

Conclusions:

  • A unified nomenclature facilitates clearer communication and understanding of handcuff-based MIMs.
  • Standardizing terminology reveals new opportunities for designing advanced molecular architectures.
  • This work provides a foundation for future research in the design and application of handcuff-containing MIMs.