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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
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Cardiovascular Involvement in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease.

Amalkumar Bhattacharya1, Komal Rana1, Nikunj Vanpariya1

  • 1Parul Institute of Medical Science and Research, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat.

The Journal of the Association of Physicians of India
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Cardiovascular disease is a major concern in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hypertensive patients with CKD show higher rates of systolic and diastolic dysfunction, even in early stages.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Internal Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients.
  • Despite managing risk factors like hypertension and diabetes, mortality risk increases with CKD severity.
  • CKD is often caused by diabetes and hypertension, with severity indicated by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate systolic and diastolic dysfunction in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease (CKD).
  • To compare echocardiographic findings between hypertensive and normotensive CKD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Fifty CKD patients underwent two-dimensional and M-mode echocardiography to assess systolic and diastolic function.
  • Electrocardiograms (ECGs) were used to detect myocardial infarction, ischemia, and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH).
  • Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) and fractional shortening (FS) measured systolic function; E/A ratio assessed diastolic function.

Main Results:

  • Hypertension was the primary cause of CKD in 60% of the 50 patients studied.
  • Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) was observed in 74% of patients.
  • Diastolic dysfunction (E/A ratio <0.75 or >1.8) was present in 60%, systolic dysfunction (FS <25%, LVEF <50%) in 8% and 12% respectively.

Conclusions:

  • Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction is prevalent even in early-stage CKD.
  • Patients with hypertensive CKD exhibit a higher prevalence of both diastolic and systolic dysfunction compared to normotensive CKD patients.