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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
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Cortical Thickness Changes After Computerized Working Memory Training in Patients With Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Haakon R Hol1,2,3, Marianne M Flak4, Linda Chang5,6,7

  • 1Department of Radiology, Sørlandet Hospital, Arendal, Norway.

Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Working memory training did not alter cortical thickness in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. However, carriers of the LMX1A-AA genotype showed increased cortical thickness trajectories, suggesting potential neuroplasticity benefits.

Keywords:
APOE genotypeLMX1AMCIcortical thicknessworking memory training

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neuroimaging
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Adaptive computerized working memory (WM) training shows benefits in healthy individuals, but its effects on brain morphology in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) are not well understood.
  • Previous research indicates potential for WM training to influence cerebral cortical thickness, yet data in MCI populations remain limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate differences in longitudinal cortical thickness changes between adaptive and non-adaptive WM training in patients with MCI.
  • To explore the influence of LMX1A and APOE-ε4 genotypes on cortical thickness trajectories following WM training in MCI patients.

Main Methods:

  • A double-blind randomized study involving 81 individuals with MCI underwent 25 WM training sessions over 5 weeks.
  • Longitudinal structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to analyze cortical thickness at baseline, 4, and 16 weeks post-training.
  • Linear Mixed Effects (LME) models analyzed training effects and genotype impacts (LMX1A, APOE-ε4) on cortical thickness, controlling for false discovery rate.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in cortical thickness trajectories were observed between adaptive and non-adaptive WM training groups in MCI patients.
  • Overall, no significant structural cortical changes were detected post-training across all participants, irrespective of training type.
  • LMX1A-AA genotype carriers exhibited increased cortical thickness trajectories compared to LMX1A-GG/GA carriers; APOE-ε4 status did not influence training outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • WM training, whether adaptive or non-adaptive, did not lead to improved cortical thickness in this heterogeneous MCI cohort.
  • The absence of significant atrophy suggests a stable cortical thickness during the follow-up period.
  • The observed neuroplasticity in LMX1A-AA carriers warrants further investigation in future clinical trials.