Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

177
RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
177
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

23.9K
Cells are sometimes infected by more than one virus at once. When two viruses disassemble to expose their genomes for replication in the same cell, similar regions of their genomes can pair together and exchange sequences in a process called recombination. Alternatively, viruses with segmented genomes can swap segments in a process called reassortment.
23.9K
Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

33.8K
A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...
33.8K
Viral Structure00:56

Viral Structure

65.1K
Viruses are extraordinarily diverse in shape and size, but they all have several structural features in common. All viruses have a core that contains a DNA- or RNA-based genome. The core is surrounded by a protective coat of proteins called the capsid. The capsid is composed of subunits called capsomeres. The capsid and genome-containing core are together known as the nucleocapsid.
65.1K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Gut Feeling: Biomarkers and Biosensors' Potential in Revolutionizing Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Diagnosis and Prognosis-A Comprehensive Review.

Biosensors·2025
Same author

Rat Hepatitis E Virus (<i>Rocahepevirus ratti</i>): A Systematic Review of Its Presence in Water, Food-Related Matrices, and Potential Risks to Human Health.

Foods (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A Systematic Review of Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Camels.

Veterinary sciences·2023
Same author

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Hepatitis E Virus Detection in Farmed Ruminants.

Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)·2023
Same author

Detection of hepatitis E virus in milk: Current evidence for viral excretion in a wide range of mammalian hosts.

Transboundary and emerging diseases·2022
Same author

Biosensors as diagnostic tools in clinical applications.

Biochimica et biophysica acta. Reviews on cancer·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.9K

Omicron - The new SARS-CoV-2 challenge?

A Lino1, M A Cardoso2, P Martins-Lopes1,3

  • 1BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.

Reviews in Medical Virology
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

The Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) of SARS-CoV-2 rapidly became dominant globally due to increased transmissibility and antibody escape. Continuous surveillance is crucial as new mutations may emerge.

Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2VOCsomicronspike mutationsvaccine efficiency

More Related Videos

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
09:26

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Published on: June 30, 2023

1.3K
Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2
08:41

Live Imaging and Quantification of Viral Infection in K18 hACE2 Transgenic Mice Using Reporter-Expressing Recombinant SARS-CoV-2

Published on: November 5, 2021

2.9K
Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples
09:26

Quantification and Whole Genome Characterization of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in Wastewater and Air Samples

Published on: June 30, 2023

1.3K
Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research
06:08

Author Spotlight: A Pseudotype Virus System for Assessing Omicron Subvariants and Neutralizing Antibodies in SARS-CoV-2 Research

Published on: September 8, 2023

1.4K

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a global pandemic with millions of infections and deaths.
  • Emerging variants, particularly Variants of Concern (VOCs), pose significant public health challenges due to increased transmissibility and immune evasion.
  • The Omicron (B.1.1.529) variant rapidly became the dominant SARS-CoV-2 strain worldwide by early 2022.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the characteristics of the Omicron variant, including its mutations, transmissibility, and impact on therapeutic strategies.
  • To highlight the importance of global surveillance for emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and their sublineages.
  • To assess the implications of Omicron's dominance on public health and the potential for future mutations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of global SARS-CoV-2 sequence data, focusing on the Omicron variant and its sublineages (BA.1 and BA.2).
  • Analysis of mutation profiles within the Omicron variant's spike protein.
  • Monitoring of epidemiological trends related to Omicron's spread and impact.

Main Results:

  • Omicron exhibits numerous mutations associated with higher transmissibility, viral binding affinity, and antibody escape.
  • Omicron sublineages BA.1 and BA.2 have shown varying proportions globally, with BA.2 increasingly replacing BA.1 in many regions.
  • Despite a lower observed death rate compared to previous variants, Omicron's high infection numbers are a concern for potential future mutations.

Conclusions:

  • The Omicron variant's characteristics necessitate ongoing global surveillance to understand its evolution and public health impact.
  • Mutations in the Omicron spike protein may reduce the efficacy of existing SARS-CoV-2 attachment inhibitors.
  • The high rate of infection underscores the need for continued vigilance against unpredictable mutations and the ongoing pandemic threat.