Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Bias01:22

Bias

5.6K
Bias refers to any tendency that prevents a question from being considered unprejudiced. In research, bias occurs when one outcome or answer is selected or encouraged over others in sampling or testing. Bias can occur during any research phase, including study design, data collection, analysis, and publication.
In statistics, a sampling bias is created when a sample is collected from a population, and some members of the population are not as likely to be chosen as others (remember, each member...
5.6K
Framing Effects03:26

Framing Effects

7.5K
Information is everywhere and its presentation—such as how and when items are presented—can impact our perceptions and decisions surrounding the info. This broad concept umbrellas framing effects—influences that occur due to the way information is framed in its appearance, whether it’s purely the order or the specific wording of a message. Let’s take a look at numerous ways in which two versions of something can objectively say the same thing, yet we respond in...
7.5K
Routes of Persuasion02:20

Routes of Persuasion

65.7K
Persuasion is the process of changing our attitude toward something based on some kind of communication. Much of the persuasion we experience comes from outside forces. How do people convince others to change their attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors? What communications do you receive that attempt to persuade you to change your attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors?
65.7K
Hindsight Biases01:12

Hindsight Biases

4.0K
Hindsight bias leads you to believe that the event you just experienced was predictable, even though it really wasn’t. In other words, you knew all along that things would turn out the way they did. Can you relate this to the phrase "Hindsight is 20/20" now? 
4.0K
Motivational Bias01:25

Motivational Bias

7
Cognitive bias results from limitations in thinking and information processing, leading to systematic errors in judgment. Conversely, motivational bias stems from personal desires or emotions, causing distortions in perception to align with self-interest. Motivational bias influences how individuals perceive and attribute causes to events, often shaped by personal needs, goals, and self-esteem preservation. This bias can distort judgment, leading to inaccurate assessments of success, failure,...
7
The Availability Heuristic01:08

The Availability Heuristic

6.6K
A heuristic is a general problem-solving framework (Tversky & Kahneman, 1974). You can think of these as mental shortcuts that are used to solve problems. Different types of heuristics are used in different types of situations, and the impulse to use a heuristic occurs when one of five conditions is met (Pratkanis, 1989):
6.6K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Everyone I Don't Like Is Biased: Affective Evaluations and the Bias Blind Spot.

Personality & social psychology bulletin·2026
Same author

The emotional cost of political engagement.

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)·2026
Same author

Spatial gene regulatory networks driving cell state transitions during human liver disease.

EMBO molecular medicine·2025
Same author

Disclosing sample bias fails to fully correct judgments of partisan extremity.

Cognition·2025
Same author

Partisan language in a polarized world: In-group language provides reputational benefits to speakers while polarizing audiences.

Cognition·2024
Same author

Using "Wordle" to assess the effects of goal gradients and near-misses.

Scientific reports·2024

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

813

Push Outcomes Bias Perceptions of Scratch Card Games.

Alexander C Walker1, Madison Stange2, Mike J Dixon2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, N2L 3G1, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. a24walke@uwaterloo.ca.

Journal of Gambling Studies
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Scratch card "pushes," where the prize equals the card cost, are counted as wins. This inflates winning odds and increases gambler excitement and urge to play, even without net gain.

Keywords:
BiasGamblingProblem gamblingPush outcomesScratch cards

More Related Videos

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.2K
Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
04:59

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors

Published on: September 27, 2019

12.4K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies
08:24

The Joint Effect of Social Comparison and Social Distance on Evaluation of Intertemporal Choice Outcomes in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: August 25, 2023

813
Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods
13:04

Measuring the Subjective Value of Risky and Ambiguous Options using Experimental Economics and Functional MRI Methods

Published on: September 19, 2012

12.2K
Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
04:59

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors

Published on: September 27, 2019

12.4K

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Gambling Studies
  • Behavioral Economics

Background:

  • Scratch card games often feature
  • pushes
  • where prize value equals the cost of play.
  • Lottery operators categorize pushes as wins, inflating published winning odds.
  • The player experience of a push resembles winning, potentially influencing perceptions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the psychological impact of push outcomes on scratch card players.
  • To determine if push outcomes influence perceptions of winning likelihood and gambling urges.
  • To compare the effects of pushes versus wins and losses on player excitement and behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Four studies involving 1502 participants examined reactions to scratch card outcomes.
  • Participants were exposed to scratch cards with varying categorizations of push outcomes.
  • Perceptions of winning likelihood, excitement, gambling urges, and net monetary loss were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Categorizing pushes as wins increased perceptions of winning likelihood, excitement, and gambling urges.
  • Experiencing a push before a loss led to higher perceived winning likelihood compared to no push.
  • Pushes generated more excitement and gambling urges than losses, but less than wins.

Conclusions:

  • Push outcomes, despite offering no net gain, significantly bias gambling-related judgments.
  • The categorization and experience of pushes enhance the appeal of scratch card games.
  • Understanding push mechanics is crucial for accurate representation of gambling odds and player psychology.