Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Visual System01:26

Visual System

721
Light enters the eye through the cornea, a transparent, dome-shaped surface covering the surface of the eyeball that helps to direct and focus incoming light. This light is then channeled toward the pupil, an adjustable opening whose size is controlled by the iris. The iris, a pigmented muscle, regulates the amount of light entering the eye by contracting or dilating the pupil, thereby ensuring optimal light levels for clear vision.
Once through the pupil, the light passes through the lens, a...
721
Vision01:24

Vision

55.5K
Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
55.5K
Introduction to Learning01:18

Introduction to Learning

567
Learning is the process of acquiring knowledge or skills through practice or experience, leading to long-lasting behavioral changes. This acquisition occurs through interaction with the environment and requires practice or experience. For instance, mastering a skill such as surfing requires considerable practice and experience, highlighting the essential role of repeated interactions with the environment in learning.
In contrast to learned behaviors, unlearned behaviors such as crying, sexual...
567
Color Vision01:24

Color Vision

762
Color perception begins in the retina, the light-sensitive layer at the back of the eye. Two main theories explain how colors are seen: the trichromatic theory and the opponent-process theory. The trichromatic theory, proposed by Thomas Young in 1802 and extended by Hermann von Helmholtz in 1852, suggests that color vision is based on three types of cone receptors in the retina. These cones are sensitive to different but overlapping ranges of wavelengths corresponding to red, blue, and green.
762
What is a Sensory System?01:31

What is a Sensory System?

96.7K
Sensory systems detect stimuli—such as light and sound waves—and transduce them into neural signals that can be interpreted by the nervous system. In addition to external stimuli detected by the senses, some sensory systems detect internal stimuli—such as the proprioceptors in muscles and tendons that send feedback about limb position.
96.7K
Observational Learning01:12

Observational Learning

345
Albert Bandura's observational learning, also known as imitation or modeling, occurs when a person observes and imitates another's behavior. It is a quicker process than operant conditioning. A well-known example is the Bobo doll study, where children who saw an adult acting aggressively towards the doll were more likely to act aggressively when left alone, compared to those who observed a nonaggressive adult. Many psychologists view observational learning as a form of latent learning...
345

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Cognitive and Histological Methodological Framework for an Intrahippocampal Aβ<sub>1-42</sub> Rat Model of Alzheimer's Disease.

Neurology international·2026
Same author

Free Fat Grafts in Endoscopic Skull Base Closure: A Clinical Outcome Analysis.

Journal of clinical medicine·2026
Same author

How amyloid-β peptide choice shapes neurochemical outcomes in intracerebral rat models of Alzheimer's disease: A systematic review.

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD·2026
Same author

Sparseness facilitates image encoding across visuo-frontal networks in freely moving macaque.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

The Conundrum of Spinal Metastases-A Review of Current Management.

Journal of clinical medicine·2025
Same author

Unsupervised learning of temporal regularities in visual cortical populations.

Nature communications·2025
Same journal

Anterior Cingulate Cortex Mediates State-Dependent Prioritization of Distressed Conspecifics.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Hemispherotomy for Pediatric Post-Traumatic Epilepsy.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

When Robots Learn: Artificial Intelligence and the Next Human-Centered Era of Neurorehabilitation.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

The Association Between Changes in White Matter Microstructure and Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

Beyond Ventricular Enlargement: Multimodal MRI Assessment Improves Surgical Decision-Making in Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus.

Brain sciences·2026
Same journal

The Effects of Personalized Observation, Execution, and Mental Imagery (POEM) Therapy in Logopenic Primary Progressive Aphasia: A Telepractice-Based Single-Case Study.

Brain sciences·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

9.1K

Learning by Exposure in the Visual System.

Bogdan F Iliescu1, Bryan Hansen2, Valentin Dragoi2

  • 1Neurosurgery Department, Gr T Popa University of medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.

Brain Sciences
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Passive sensory exposure induces robust, bottom-up perceptual learning, enhancing performance on complex tasks. This form of learning complements practice-based learning by improving speed and generalization.

Keywords:
exposureperceptual learningplasticityvisual system

More Related Videos

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

579
Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Visualizing Visual Adaptation
04:43

Visualizing Visual Adaptation

Published on: April 24, 2017

9.1K
Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss
07:12

Development of a Gaze-Contingent Display Framework Designed for Perceptual and Oculomotor Research with Simulated Central Vision Loss

Published on: April 11, 2025

579
Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision
05:07

Using Looming Visual Stimuli to Evaluate Mouse Vision

Published on: June 13, 2019

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Perception

Background:

  • Perceptual learning involves distinct plasticity types: top-down (practice-based) and bottom-up (passive adaptation).
  • The interplay between these plasticity mechanisms remains poorly understood due to a lack of concurrent investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of passive sensory exposure on perceptual performance.
  • To compare the characteristics and effectiveness of bottom-up and top-down plasticity in perceptual learning.

Main Methods:

  • Subjects performed orientation discrimination tasks after repetitive passive exposure to oriented sine-wave gratings.
  • Performance was assessed at exposed and unexposed locations, and around exposed orientation axes.

Main Results:

  • Repetitive passive exposure induced persistent, bottom-up learning stronger than top-down practice learning.
  • This exposure-induced learning generalized across complex stimulus dimensions, including shapes and natural scenes.
  • Orientation-specific exposure significantly improved discrimination of complex visual stimuli.

Conclusions:

  • Passive sensory exposure represents a significant form of perceptual learning, complementary to practice-based learning.
  • Bottom-up plasticity, driven by passive exposure, enhances perceptual task speed and generalization.
  • Long-term sensory adaptation through passive exposure offers a distinct pathway for improving visual perception.