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Benchmarking Spectroscopic Techniques Combined with Machine Learning to Study Oak Barrels for Wine Ageing.

Tatevik Chalyan1, Indy Magnus1, Maria Konstantaki2

  • 1Brussels Photonics (B-PHOT), Department of Applied Physics and Photonics, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, B-1050 Brussels, Belgium.

Biosensors
|April 21, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Oak barrels lose flavor over time, making refill estimation difficult. Spectroscopic analysis, particularly reflectance spectroscopy, accurately assesses oak barrel lifespan and chemical composition for wine aging. This non-invasive method optimizes barrel usage and wine quality.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopychemometricsfluorescence spectroscopyligninoak barrelreflectance spectroscopytanninwine ageing

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Spectroscopy
  • Biosensing

Background:

  • Oak barrels are crucial for wine aging, imparting flavor through compounds like lignin and tannin.
  • Repeated use depletes these compounds, necessitating barrel replacement, but current estimation methods are empirical.
  • Accurate assessment of oak barrel lifespan is needed to avoid costs and maintain wine quality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate non-invasive optical biosensing techniques for characterizing oak barrels used in wine aging.
  • To develop a model for predicting oak barrel lifespan without structural damage.
  • To benchmark spectroscopic methods for assessing changes in oak barrel chemical composition.

Main Methods:

  • Employed spectroscopic diagnostic techniques: reflectance, fluorescence, and Raman scattering.
  • Assessed changes in lignin and tannin presence in oakwood barrels after repeated wine refills.
  • Utilized chemometric techniques, including Linear Discriminant Analysis and Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis.

Main Results:

  • Reflectance spectroscopy proved to be a valuable tool for characterizing oak barrels.
  • Reflectance spectroscopy achieved the most accurate classification performance among the tested methods.
  • A Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis model achieved >99% accuracy in classifying oakwood samples based on barrel usage.

Conclusions:

  • Reflectance spectroscopy offers a cost-effective and non-invasive method for assessing oak barrels in the wine industry.
  • This technique can reliably determine the remaining lifespan of oak barrels, optimizing refill strategies.
  • The study provides a foundation for applying advanced biosensing for barrel management and quality control.