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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview01:06

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Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current...
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Electrochemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the relationship between electrical quantities and chemical reactions, particularly oxidation and reduction. Oxidation is the loss of electrons from a substance, whereas reduction refers to the gain of electrons. A substance with a strong electron affinity is called an oxidizing agent (oxidant), and a reducing agent (reductant) is a species that donates electrons. Oxidation and reduction processes are pivotal to electrochemical reactions,...
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Electrocyclic reactions are reversible reactions. They involve an intramolecular cyclization or ring-opening of a conjugated polyene. Shown below are two examples of electrocyclic reactions. In the first reaction, the formation of the cyclic product is favored. In contrast, in the second reaction, ring-opening is favored due to the high ring strain associated with cyclobutene formation.
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Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
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Advanced Pt-Based Core-Shell Electrocatalysts for Fuel Cell Cathodes.

Xueru Zhao1, Kotaro Sasaki1

  • 1Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, United States.

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|April 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Platinum-based core-shell catalysts offer a cost-effective solution for proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). These advanced catalysts enhance oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity and durability, paving the way for practical fuel cell applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Catalysis

Background:

  • Proton-exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) are efficient energy devices, but rely on costly platinum group metal (PGM) catalysts.
  • Existing PGM catalysts face limitations including high cost, slow reaction kinetics, and poor stability, hindering widespread PEMFC adoption.
  • Pt-based core-shell catalysts present a promising alternative to overcome these drawbacks by reducing platinum loading and enhancing performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review synthetic strategies for Pt-based core-shell catalysts suitable for scalable fuel cell applications.
  • To elucidate the catalytic mechanisms responsible for the enhanced oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) performance of these catalysts.
  • To discuss factors influencing ORR activity and durability, and evaluate their potential in PEMFCs.

Main Methods:

  • Galvanic displacement of underpotentially deposited non-noble metal monolayers.
  • Thermal annealing and dealloying techniques for catalyst synthesis.
  • Analysis of catalytic mechanisms including self-healing, doping effects, and intermetallic structures.

Main Results:

  • Pt-based core-shell structures significantly improve ORR activity and stability by tuning the electronic state of surface Pt.
  • Core-shell design enhances corrosion resistance and durability, crucial for long-term fuel cell operation.
  • Optimization of shape, composition, surface orientation, and shell thickness further boosts ORR performance and reduces catalyst cost.

Conclusions:

  • Pt-based core-shell catalysts demonstrate significant potential for improving PEMFC efficiency and cost-effectiveness.
  • These catalysts show promise for applications in both light-duty and heavy-duty vehicles.
  • Despite remaining challenges in activity and lifetime, Pt-based core-shell catalysts are poised for practical PEMFC applications.