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Multitask Versus Multicomponent Training on Cognitive and Motor Functions in Persons With Mild Cognitive Impairment:

Betul Fatma Bilgin1, Gozde Iyigun1

  • 1Department of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Eastern Mediterranean University, Famagusta, North Cyprus,Turkey.

Journal of Aging and Physical Activity
|April 22, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Multitask training (MTT) and multicomponent training (MCT) both improved cognitive and physical functions in individuals with mild cognitive impairment. MCT enhanced gait speed, while MTT showed greater benefits for balance.

Keywords:
balancecognitive dysfunctiondual-taskreaction timesingle-taskwalking speed

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Physical Therapy

Background:

  • Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is associated with deficits in cognitive and physical functions, increasing fall risk.
  • Effective interventions are needed to improve processing speed, cognitive functions, gait, and balance in individuals with MCI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effects of multitask training (MTT) and multicomponent training (MCT) on cognitive and physical outcomes in individuals with MCI.
  • To determine which training strategy, MTT or MCT, yields superior improvements in processing speed, cognitive functions, gait speed, and balance.

Main Methods:

  • Forty-two individuals with MCI were randomized into either an MTT group (n=21) or an MCT group (n=21).
  • Outcome measures included assessments of processing speed, attention, executive functions, single-task gait speed, dual-task gait speed (DTGS), and balance functions.
  • Training interventions involved either performing multiple tasks simultaneously (MTT) or various exercises sequentially (MCT).

Main Results:

  • Both MTT and MCT groups demonstrated improvements in processing speed (except inhibition), cognitive functions, gait speed, and balance functions.
  • No significant differences were observed between MTT and MCT in processing speed or cognitive functions.
  • The MCT group showed greater improvements in single-task gait speed and DTGS (Arithmetic), while the MTT group exhibited greater improvements in balance functions.

Conclusions:

  • Both MTT and MCT are effective strategies for enhancing cognitive and physical functions in individuals with mild cognitive impairment.
  • MCT may be more beneficial for improving gait speed and dual-task performance, whereas MTT may offer greater advantages for balance.
  • These findings suggest tailored exercise approaches can address specific functional deficits in MCI populations.