Recycling Unused Midazolam Drug as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitor for Copper in Nitric Acid Solution

The current work explores the potential for recycling unused or expired Midazolam (MID) drug, a benzodiazepine derivative, as an efficient corrosion inhibitor for copper in nitric acid solution. The technical advantage of recycling expired MID drug relates to the avoidance of organic inhibitor production costs and the reduction of disposal costs of the expired medication. A combination of electrochemical methods (potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy), weight loss, and quantum chemical calculation were used to assess the inhibition mechanism and efficiency of MID. It was found that inhibition efficiency increases with inhibitor concentration, reaching a highest value of 92.9% for a concentration of 10^-4 M MID. MID was classified as a mixed-type inhibitor, showing a preferential cathodic suppression mechanism. The obtained values of -45.89 kJ mol^-1 for the standard free energy of adsorption indicate that the inhibition mechanism is based on chemisorption of MID molecules on the copper surface, which obeys the Langmuir isotherm. Surface analysis using scanning electronic microscopy revealed that MID offers high protection against corrosion during both immersion and polarization tests. Molecular modelling and quantum chemical calculations indicated chemical interactions between MID molecules and the copper surface, as well as electrostatic interactions. The results obtained using the different techniques were in good agreement and highlight the effectiveness of MID in the corrosion inhibition of copper.