Efficiency of Expired Drugs Used as Corrosion Inhibitors: A Review

Corrosion inhibitors represent one of the most commonly used methods for significantly reducing the corrosion rate of metals and alloys. Adsorption inhibitors have a wide range of applications in cooling water systems, deicing solutions for aircrafts, airports and ways, etching and degreasing solutions, oil pipelines, paints and coatings and metal processing solutions. Adsorption corrosion inhibitors of metals and alloys are generally organic compounds that contain structures with heteroatoms (N, P, S, As, O) in their molecules, having lone pair electrons or π electrons in aromatic rings or multiple bonds. They enable relatively strong interactions between the metal atoms and organic molecules, resulting in a protective layer of organic molecules adsorbed at the metal-corrosive solution interface. Most molecules of active substances from drugs contain similar structures, which is why many drugs have been already tested as corrosion inhibitors. One of the major disadvantages of using drugs for this purpose is their particularly high price. To overcome this impediment, the possibility of using expired drugs as corrosion inhibitors has been investigated since 2009. The present paper is an exhaustive compilation of the scientific published papers devoted to the use of expired drugs as corrosion inhibitors in various aggressive solutions. The inhibitory efficiencies of expired drugs are presented as a function of the studied metal or alloy and the nature of the aggressive solution, as well as the concentration of the inhibitor in such a solution. Research has especially been focused on mild and carbon steel and less on stainless steel, as well as on some metals such as copper, zinc, nickel, tin and aluminum and its alloys. The experimental methods used to assess the inhibitory efficiencies of expired drugs are briefly discussed. Also, the available information on the stability of the active substances in the drugs is presented, although most authors were not concerned with this aspect. Finally, several actions are revealed that must be undertaken by researchers so that the results obtained in the study of the anticorrosive action of expired drugs can be applied at the industrial level and not remain only an academic concern.