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New Aspects Concerning the Ampicillin Photodegradation
Radu Cercel1, Mirela Paraschiv1, Cristina Stefania Florica1
1National Institute of Materials Physics, Atomistilor Street 405A, P.O. Box MG-7, 077125 Bucharest, Romania.
Abstract:
New aspects concerning the photodegradation (PD) of ampicillin are reported by photoluminescence (PL), Raman scattering and FTIR spectroscopy. The exposure of ampicillin in the absence (AM) and in the presence of the excipient (AMP) to UV light leads to an intensity diminution of the photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and photoluminescence (PL) spectra and the emergence of a new IR band at 3450 cm-1. The photoluminescence studies demonstrate that the AM PD is amplified in the presence of excipients and an alkaline medium. In this last case, the PD process of AM involves the emergence of new compounds, whose presence is highlighted by: (i) the emergence of the isosbestic point at 300 nm in the UV-VIS spectra; (ii) a change in the ratio between the absorbance of IR bands situated in the spectral ranges 1200-1660 and 3250-3450 cm-1; and (iii) a change in the ratio between the intensities of the Raman lines localized in the spectral ranges 1050-1800 and 2750-3100 cm-1. A chemical mechanism of the PD processes of AM in an alkaline medium is proposed.
Insights
Photodegradation of ampicillin (AM) is accelerated by excipients and alkaline conditions. Spectroscopic methods reveal new compounds formed during AM photodegradation in alkaline environments.
Area of Science:
- Analytical Chemistry
- Photochemistry
Background:
- Ampicillin (AM) is a widely used antibiotic.
- Understanding its photodegradation (PD) is crucial for drug stability and efficacy.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate new aspects of ampicillin photodegradation.
- To elucidate the role of excipients and alkaline media in AM PD.
Main Methods:
- Photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy
- Raman scattering
- FTIR spectroscopy
- UV-VIS spectroscopy
Main Results:
- UV light exposure caused intensity diminution in PL and PLE spectra.
- A new IR band at 3450 cm-1 emerged.
- Photodegradation of AM was amplified by excipients and alkaline medium.
- Alkaline conditions led to the formation of new compounds, indicated by UV-VIS, IR, and Raman spectral changes.
Conclusions:
- Excipients and alkaline pH significantly enhance ampicillin photodegradation.
- Specific spectral changes confirm the formation of new degradation products.
- A chemical mechanism for AM PD in alkaline media was proposed.
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