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Pipe Flowrate Measurement

Pipe Flowrate Measurement

In pipe flow measurement, orifice, nozzle, and Venturi meters are commonly used to determine fluid flowrates by constricting the flow area, which increases fluid velocity and reduces pressure. This pressure difference, governed by Bernoulli's principle and adjusted for real-world conditions, is essential for calculating flowrate. Each meter type is suited to specific applications based on accuracy, efficiency, and compatibility with various flow conditions.
The orifice meter is a simple,...

Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving

Pipe Flowrate Measurement: Problem Solving

A spray tank system is engineered to uniformly distribute a pest-control liquid across plants by using a pressurized mechanism. The tank, pressurized to 150 kPa, holds the pesticide at a height of 0.80 meters. Liquid flows from the tank through a 1.9 meter pipe with a diameter of 0.015 meters, angled at 0.698 radians, ultimately reaching a 0.007 meter nozzle that sprays the pesticide. Accurate calculation of the system's flow rate is crucial to ensure uniform application, and this is...

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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

The Use of an Automated System GreenFeed to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

Published on: September 7, 2015

Open Source IIoT Solution for Gas Waste Monitoring in Smart Factory.

Mark Waters¹, Pawel Waszczuk¹, Rodney Ayre²

¹School of Computing, Engineering and Built Environment, Glasgow Caledonian University, 70 Cowcaddens Road, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)

|April 23, 2022

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a method for measuring gas waste in factories using Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) sensors. The smart manufacturing approach helps businesses reduce costs and improve environmental sustainability.

Keywords:

IIoT Industry 4.0 RAMI 4.0 open source smart factory smart manufacturing waste monitoring

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Area of Science:

Industrial Engineering
Environmental Science
Computer Science

Background:

Smart manufacturing is rapidly evolving, requiring factories to adopt new technologies and workforce training to stay competitive.
Businesses face increasing pressure to enhance environmental sustainability and reduce operational costs.
Integrating advanced technologies like the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is crucial for modernizing production facilities.

Purpose of the Study:

To present a method for measuring gas waste in a live manufacturing environment using IIoT sensors and open-source solutions.
To demonstrate the application of the Reference Architectural Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) in a brownfield production asset.
To provide factory supervisors with actionable data on gas waste for improved efficiency and environmental awareness.

Main Methods:

Implementation of Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) sensors for real-time gas waste monitoring.
Utilization of open-source software solutions for data processing and analysis.
Adherence to the Reference Architectural Model for Industry 4.0 (RAMI 4.0) for system design.
Installation of an operational technology (OT) network and development of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) dashboards.

Main Results:

Successful deployment of an IIoT-based system for measuring gas waste in a brownfield manufacturing facility.
Generation of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) through dedicated dashboards for factory supervisors.
Demonstration of a practical application of smart manufacturing principles in a live production setting.

Conclusions:

The developed system provides valuable insights into gas waste, enabling businesses to enhance production efficiency.
The integration of IIoT sensors and open-source solutions offers a cost-effective approach to environmental sustainability in manufacturing.
Adoption of smart manufacturing techniques, guided by models like RAMI 4.0, is essential for future industrial competitiveness.