Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition01:02

Role of Microtubules in Cell Wall Deposition

2.6K
Microtubules are small hollow tubes in eukaryotic cells. The cell wall microtubules are polymerized dimers of two globular proteins, α-tubulin and β-tubulin, two globular proteins. With a diameter of about 25 nm, microtubules are the widest components of the cytoskeleton. They help the cell resist compression and provide a track along which vesicles move through the cell or pull replicated chromosomes to opposite ends of a dividing cell. Microtubules go through quick cycles of...
2.6K
Plant Cell Wall01:07

Plant Cell Wall

5.5K
Plant cells have a cell wall, a rigid outer covering that protects the cell and provides shape and support. During cell division, a mixture of enzymes, proteins, and glucose molecules is transported via vesicles to the center of the cell. These vesicles continuously fuse and build a cell plate between the dividing cells. As the cell plate matures, new polysaccharides are added to it to form the cell walls of the daughter cells. The predominant polysaccharide in the cell wall is cellulose, made...
5.5K
Bacterial Cell Wall01:22

Bacterial Cell Wall

856
The bacterial cell wall is an essential structural component that encases the plasma membrane, preserving cellular integrity, determining shape, and protecting against osmotic stress. This rigid yet flexible structure primarily comprises peptidoglycan, a polymer that forms a mesh-like matrix conferring mechanical strength and flexibility.Peptidoglycan Composition and StructurePeptidoglycan, the core of the bacterial cell wall, comprises alternating units of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and...
856
Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides01:15

Cellulose and Pectic Polysaccharides

4.0K
 Every plant cell has a cell wall that protects the cell, provides structural support, and gives the cell shape. Cellulose, the main structural component of the plant cell wall, makes up over 30% of plant matter. It is the most abundant organic compound on earth.  Cellulose is an unbranched polysaccharide composed of linear chains of glucose molecules linked by β (1→4) glycosidic bonds.
As a cell matures, its cell wall specializes according to its type. For example, the...
4.0K
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

5.4K
Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
5.4K
Archaeal Cell Wall01:29

Archaeal Cell Wall

344
Archaeal cell walls are structurally and compositionally distinct from their bacterial counterparts, lacking the characteristic peptidoglycan layer found in most bacteria. Instead, archaeal cell walls exhibit remarkable diversity, utilizing materials such as pseudomurein, polysaccharides, and proteins to construct their protective outer layers. This structural flexibility is closely tied to archaea's ecological adaptability.S-Layers: The Common Archaeal Cell WallThe S-layer is the most...
344

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Synthetic pectin-cellulose nanofiber capsule recapitulates the mechanical properties of a regenerating plant cell wall.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

Mechanical Roles of Polysaccharide Assembly and Interactions in Plant Cell Walls.

Biomacromolecules·2025
Same author

How Many Glucan Chains Form Plant Cellulose Microfibrils? A Mini Review.

Biomacromolecules·2024
Same author

The structure and interaction of polymers affects secondary cell wall banding patterns in Arabidopsis.

The Plant cell·2024
Same author

Single-molecule tracking reveals dual front door/back door inhibition of Cel7A cellulase by its product cellobiose.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same author

The nonlinear mechanics of highly extensible plant epidermal cell walls.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2024
Same journal

LcHXK1 mediates glucose signaling to inhibit fruit abscission by phosphorylating LcWRKY42, a feedback regulator in lignin polymerization.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

Partial submergence-induced adventitious root emergence in cucumber requires CsRBOHB-mediated ROS production.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

JA differentially regulates a SmWLIM1/MYB62-SUS1 module to control male fertility via starch biosynthesis.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

The chloroplastic NFU1 maturation factor sustains iron-sulfur cluster assembly in the dark in Chlamydomonas.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

Systems-level proteomic models of cotton fiber development: a high-resolution data resource to analyze cell dynamics and trait engineering.

Plant physiology·2026
Same journal

StHY5 activates StSP6A to control photoperiod-induced tuberization in potato.

Plant physiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Measuring Plant Cell Wall Extension Creep Induced by Acidic pH and by Alpha-Expansin
09:51

Measuring Plant Cell Wall Extension Creep Induced by Acidic pH and by Alpha-Expansin

Published on: March 11, 2009

14.1K

Building an extensible cell wall.

Daniel J Cosgrove1

  • 1Department of Biology, Penn State University, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.

Plant Physiology
|April 23, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study details evolving plant cell wall structures and growth mechanisms, highlighting cellulose interactions. Molecular dynamics modeling reveals how cellulose-cellulose connections create a strong, extensible cell wall network.

More Related Videos

AFM-based Mapping of the Elastic Properties of Cell Walls: at Tissue, Cellular, and Subcellular Resolutions
10:26

AFM-based Mapping of the Elastic Properties of Cell Walls: at Tissue, Cellular, and Subcellular Resolutions

Published on: July 24, 2014

13.1K
Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem
07:52

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Published on: May 23, 2020

5.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

Measuring Plant Cell Wall Extension Creep Induced by Acidic pH and by Alpha-Expansin
09:51

Measuring Plant Cell Wall Extension Creep Induced by Acidic pH and by Alpha-Expansin

Published on: March 11, 2009

14.1K
AFM-based Mapping of the Elastic Properties of Cell Walls: at Tissue, Cellular, and Subcellular Resolutions
10:26

AFM-based Mapping of the Elastic Properties of Cell Walls: at Tissue, Cellular, and Subcellular Resolutions

Published on: July 24, 2014

13.1K
Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem
07:52

Live Cell Imaging of Microtubule Cytoskeleton and Micromechanical Manipulation of the Arabidopsis Shoot Apical Meristem

Published on: May 23, 2020

5.5K

Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Plant cell walls provide structural support and regulate growth.
  • Understanding primary cell wall structure is crucial for plant development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evolving paradigms of primary cell wall structure and surface enlargement.
  • To present updated information on cellulose, xyloglucan, and pectin roles.
  • To develop and validate a quantitative model of cell wall mechanics.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cell wall structure and growth.
  • Development of a quantitative model using molecular dynamics.
  • Comparison of model predictions with experimental data.

Main Results:

  • Updated understanding of cellulose, xyloglucan, and pectin interactions.
  • A quantitative model accurately simulating cell wall mechanical behavior.
  • Identification of cellulose-cellulose interactions as key to wall strength and extensibility.

Conclusions:

  • Cellulose-cellulose interactions are critical for primary cell wall mechanical properties.
  • Molecular dynamics modeling provides insights into cell wall biomechanics.
  • This work advances the understanding of plant cell wall structure and function.