Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents01:26

Heart Failure Drugs: Inotropic Agents

765
Positive inotropic agents are commonly used as the first line of treatment for heart failure. One such agent is digoxin, derived from the genus Digitalis, which has been known for centuries but effectively utilized since 1785. However, these cardiac glycosides can have potentially toxic effects due to their mechanism of action, which involves inhibiting Na+/K+-ATPase and increasing contractility. Digoxin is absorbed orally and distributed in various tissues, including the CNS. It has a long...
765
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management01:25

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation IV: Pharmacological Management

94
Pharmacologic intervention is crucial in treating cardiac arrest patients during ACLS or Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support. The ACLS algorithms guide the administration of specific drugs based on the patient's cardiac arrest rhythm, which includes pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF), asystole, and pulseless electrical activity (PEA).EpinephrineIndication: Epinephrine is the first-line drug for all cardiac arrest rhythms.Mechanism of Action: Epinephrine...
94
Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy01:30

Cardiomyopathy II: Dilated Cardiomyopathy

41
Dilated cardiomyopathy, or DCM, is a progressive myocardial disorder characterized by ventricular chamber dilation and contractile dysfunction.EtiologyVarious factors can cause DCM, including hypertension and heavy alcohol intake, which contribute to the weakening and enlargement of the heart muscle. Viral infections, such as Coxsackievirus B, adenoviruses, and influenza, can lead to DCM by causing inflammation and damage to heart tissue. Certain chemotherapeutic agents, including daunorubicin,...
41
Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care01:29

Cardiomyopathy V: Interprofessional Care

48
Managing cardiomyopathy involves addressing underlying or precipitating causes, treating heart failure with medications, and implementing dietary changes and a balanced exercise and rest regimen.Lifestyle ModificationsCardiomyopathy patients should adopt a low-sodium diet to reduce fluid retention and manage heart failure. A personalized exercise and rest plan helps maintain physical fitness without overstraining the heart. Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is essential to prevent further damage to...
48
Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers01:12

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class III Agents as Potassium Channel Blockers

1.3K
Class III antiarrhythmic drugs are a group of medications that can prolong action potentials in the heart. They achieve this by blocking potassium channels or enhancing inward currents from sodium channels. However, these drugs have a unique property of "reverse use-dependence," which is most pronounced at slower heart rates and can lead to torsades de pointes—a specific type of arrhythmia. However, it is essential to note that excessive QT interval prolongation—a measure of...
1.3K
Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy01:29

Cardiomyopathy III: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy

73
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, or HCM, is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder characterized by asymmetric left ventricular hypertrophy without ventricular dilation. It is more common in men and is typically diagnosed in young, athletic adults.EtiologyHCM is primarily genetic and is caused by mutations in genes encoding sarcomeric proteins. Researchers have identified over 1400 mutations across at least 11 different genes. Among these, the most frequently occurring mutations are found in the...
73

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

In Reply: Letter to the Editor on "A Case Report of Delayed, Severe, Paroxysmal Muscle Cramping after Chilean Rose Tarantula (Grammostola rosea) Envenomation".

Clinical practice and cases in emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Clinical outcomes of single-agent mifepristone exposures reported to U.S. Poison Centers: a ten-year review of the National Poison Data System<sup>®</sup> (2015-2024).

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

American Academy of Clinical Toxicology position statement on the appropriate scheduling of drugs.

Clinical toxicology (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Intramuscular droperidol, olanzapine, midazolam, or lorazepam to treat methamphetamine intoxication in the emergency department.

The American journal of emergency medicine·2026
Same author

Emergency Department-Initiated Buprenorphine for Opioid Use Disorder: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

JAMA·2026
Same author

Estimation of emergency care cost savings based on caller survey data from a three-state regional poison center.

The American journal of emergency medicine·2026
Same journal

Why Dispelling Myths and Misconceptions in Emergency Medicine Matters.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Myths and Misconceptions in Emergency Medicine.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Acute Otitis Media-Watch and Wait Is Not a Myth.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Hot or Not? Myths and Misconceptions About Antipyretics for Pediatric Fever.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Epinephrine Improves Outcomes in Out-Of-Hospital Cardiac Arrests.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
Same journal

Myth: Pretreatment Prevents Intravenous Contrast Reactions in the Emergency Department.

Emergency medicine clinics of North America·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 26, 2025

A Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy Model in Adult Zebrafish
08:09

A Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy Model in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.9K

Cardiotoxic Medication Poisoning.

Jon B Cole1, Ann M Arens1

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Hennepin Healthcare, 701 Park Ave, Mail Code: RL.240, Minneapolis, MN 55415, USA; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.

Emergency Medicine Clinics of North America
|April 24, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High-dose insulin is a superior treatment for beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses. Vasopressors should be initiated simultaneously with insulin. Digoxin toxicity may be treated with smaller fab fragment doses, and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a key therapy for refractory shock.

Keywords:
Beta-blockerCalcium channel blockerDigoxinECMOFlecainideHigh-dose insulinPoisoning

More Related Videos

A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
05:14

A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

Published on: May 16, 2020

4.8K
High-Throughput Cardiotoxicity Screening Using Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers
14:03

High-Throughput Cardiotoxicity Screening Using Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers

Published on: March 24, 2023

2.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 26, 2025

A Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy Model in Adult Zebrafish
08:09

A Doxorubicin-induced Cardiomyopathy Model in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: June 7, 2018

9.9K
A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo
05:14

A Doxorubicin-Induced Murine Model of Dilated Cardiomyopathy In Vivo

Published on: May 16, 2020

4.8K
High-Throughput Cardiotoxicity Screening Using Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers
14:03

High-Throughput Cardiotoxicity Screening Using Mature Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocyte Monolayers

Published on: March 24, 2023

2.0K

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Toxicology
  • Emergency Medicine

Background:

  • Beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses are frequently fatal.
  • These overdoses share similar characteristics, complicating treatment decisions.
  • Digoxin and cardiotoxic medications pose significant poisoning risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate optimal therapeutic strategies for cardiotoxic medication overdoses.
  • To assess the efficacy of high-dose insulin therapy for beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker toxicity.
  • To review treatment options for digoxin poisoning and refractory cardiogenic shock.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of cardiotoxic medication overdoses.
  • Analysis of treatment outcomes for high-dose insulin therapy.
  • Evaluation of digoxin-specific antibody fragments (fab fragments) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Main Results:

  • High-dose insulin is a superior therapy for beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses.
  • Simultaneous administration of vasopressors and high-dose insulin is recommended due to potential synergy.
  • Smaller doses of fab fragments may be effective for digoxin toxicity, except in critical cases.
  • Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation is a promising therapy for refractory cardiogenic shock.

Conclusions:

  • High-dose insulin, potentially with vasopressors, offers a superior treatment for beta-blocker and calcium channel blocker overdoses.
  • Fab fragments and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation represent important therapeutic options for specific cardiotoxic poisoning scenarios.
  • Prompt and appropriate intervention is crucial for improving outcomes in cardiotoxic medication overdoses.