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The Thyroid Gland01:23

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Updated: Sep 26, 2025

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Thyroid Cancer: Global Burden and Trends.

Jessica B Shank1, Chandrakanth Are1, Chelsea D Wenos1

  • 1Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, University of Nebraska Medical Center, 986880 Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198 USA.

Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology
|April 25, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Thyroid cancer is increasing globally, with most cases in high HDI countries. However, mortality is disproportionately higher in low HDI nations, highlighting disparities in care and environmental factors.

Keywords:
GeographyGlobal healthIncidenceMortalitySociodemographicsThyroid cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epidemiology
  • Global Health

Background:

  • Thyroid cancer incidence is rising globally, ranking as the 5th most common cancer in the USA and 10th worldwide.
  • Significant geographic and socio-economic disparities exist in thyroid cancer burden.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the global burden of thyroid cancer using the GLOBOCAN database.
  • To investigate variations in incidence and mortality rates based on geographic location and Human Development Index (HDI).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the GLOBOCAN database for global thyroid cancer statistics.
  • Analyzed incidence and mortality data by WHO regions and HDI categories.
  • Projected future trends in thyroid cancer incidence and mortality up to 2040.

Main Results:

  • In 2020, 586,202 thyroid cancer cases were reported globally, with 91% in high/very high HDI countries.
  • The Western Pacific region showed the highest incidence (47.6% of cases).
  • Thyroid cancer incidence and mortality are projected to rise by 29.9% and 67% by 2040, respectively, with the African region facing the largest increases.

Conclusions:

  • Thyroid cancer burden varies significantly by geography and socio-economic status.
  • Higher mortality in low HDI countries and Africa suggests issues with access to care and environmental factors like iodine deficiency.
  • Targeted interventions are crucial to improve thyroid cancer outcomes globally.