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Long pentraxin 3 as a marker of COVID-19 severity: evidences and perspectives

Roberto Assandri1, Silvia Accordino2, Ciro Canetta2

  • 1Clinical Investigation Laboratory, Ospedale Maggiore di Crema, Crema, Italy.

Biochemia Medica
|April 25, 2022
PubMed

Insights

High levels of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) accurately predict severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission. PTX3 is a more reliable indicator than standard laboratory tests.

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Immunology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) presents with varied laboratory abnormalities, often insufficient for predicting disease severity.
  • The long pentraxin 3 (PTX3) is an inflammatory marker released at inflammation sites, previously linked to severity in other inflammatory conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) as a predictive marker for COVID-19 severity.
  • To compare the efficacy of PTX3 in identifying severe COVID-19 cases against routine laboratory parameters.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of serum samples from RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients at hospital admission.
  • Measurement of Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).
  • Intensive care unit (ICU) stay was used as a surrogate endpoint for severe COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels were significantly higher in ICU patients compared to non-ICU patients (35.86 vs. 10.61 ng/mL, P < 0.001).
  • PTX3 was the sole significant laboratory predictor of ICU stay in multivariate analysis (OR: 1.68, P = 0.003).
  • PTX3 demonstrated superior accuracy (AUC = 0.98) in identifying ICU patients compared to C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LD), and ferritin.

Conclusions:

  • Elevated Pentraxin 3 (PTX3) levels are indicative of severe Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
  • PTX3 serves as a highly accurate biomarker for predicting the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission in COVID-19 patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
COVID-19biomarkersinflammationintensive care units

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