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Updated: Sep 25, 2025

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Anabolic Deficiencies in Heart Failure: Ready for Prime Time?

Raffaele Napoli1, Roberta D'Assante2, Martina Miniero2

  • 1Department of Translational Medical Sciences, Federico II University, Via S Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/RaffaeleGNapoli.

Cardiology Clinics
|April 25, 2022
PubMed

Keywords:
Chronic heart failureGH/IGF 1 axisHFpEFHFrEFInsulin resistanceMultiple hormonal deficiencyTestosteroneThyroid hormone

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