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    Area of Science:

    • Multiway data analysis
    • Machine learning
    • Tensor decomposition

    Background:

    • Tensor-ring (TR) decomposition is effective for low-rank multiway data.
    • Existing methods lack parts-based representation and manifold geometry capture.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Introduce non-negative TR (NTR) decomposition.
    • Propose graph-regularized NTR (GNTR) decomposition.
    • Enhance representation learning for non-negative multiway data.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed non-negative TR (NTR) decomposition by imposing non-negativity on core tensors.
    • Introduced graph regularization to NTR for manifold geometry.
    • Derived optimization algorithms using accelerated proximal gradient for NTR and GNTR.

    Main Results:

    • NTR and GNTR provide interpretable, parts-based representations.
    • Methods successfully extract meaningful components like color and line patterns.
    • Experimental results show superior performance in clustering and classification over state-of-the-art tensor methods.

    Conclusions:

    • NTR and GNTR are powerful extensions of TR decomposition for non-negative multiway data.
    • These models offer improved representation learning capabilities.
    • The proposed methods demonstrate significant advantages in downstream tasks like clustering and classification.