Enhanced recovery after surgery review and urology applications in 2020

Purpose: To explore enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) components and their current application to major urologic surgeries, barriers to implementation and maintenance of the associated quality improvement. Data Identification: An English language literature search was done using PubMed. Study Selection: After independent review, 55 of the original 214 articles were selected to specifically address the stated purpose. Data Extraction: Clinical trials were included, randomized trials were prioritized, but robust observational studies were also included. Results of Data Synthesis: Many ERAS components have good data to support usage in radical cystectomy (RC) patients. Most ERAS programs include multidisciplinary teams carrying out multimodal pathways to hasten recovery after a major operation. ERAS components generally include preoperative counseling and medical optimization, venous thromboembolism prophylaxis, ileus prevention, avoidance of fluid overload, normothermia maintenance, early mobilization, pain control and early feeding, all leading to early discharge without increased complications or readmissions. Although there may not be specific data pertaining to other major urologic operations, the principles remain similar and ERAS is easily applicable. Conclusion: The benefits of ERAS programs are well established for RC and principles are easily applicable to other major urology operations. Barriers to implantation and maintenance of ERAS must be recognized to continue to maintain the benefits of these programs.