Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Detection of Black Holes

Detection of Black Holes

Although black holes were theoretically postulated in the 1920s, they remained outside the domain of observational astronomy until the 1970s.
Their closest cousins are neutron stars, which are composed almost entirely of neutrons packed against each other, making them extremely dense. A neutron star has the same mass as the Sun but its diameter is only a few kilometers. Therefore, the escape velocity from their surface is close to the speed of light.
Not until the 1960s, when the first neutron...

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

Mass Analyzers: Common Types

The quadrupole mass analyzer consists of four cylindrical metal rods arranged in a diamond carrying a DC voltage and a radio-frequency AC voltage. The motion of ions through the quadrupole depends on the field strength, causing only ions of a certain m/z to resonate successfully and strike the detector at a given field strength. Though the transmission rate for these analyzers is high, the exact elemental composition of the sample is not determined because of low resolution; however, they are...

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

Atomic Nuclei: Larmor Precession Frequency

The earth's gravitational field produces a 'twisting force' perpendicular to the angular momentum of a spinning mass (such as a spinning top) that causes the mass to 'wobble' around the gravitational field axis in a phenomenon called precession. Similarly, the magnetic moment (μ) of a spinning nucleus precesses due to an external magnetic field directed along the z-axis. The precession of the magnetic moment vector about the magnetic field is called Larmor precession,...

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

Atomic Emission Spectroscopy: Instrumentation

The instrumentation of atomic emission spectrometry (AES) involves various components, including atomization devices that convert samples into gas-phase atoms and ions. There are two main types of atomization devices: continuous and discrete atomizers. Continuous atomizers, like plasmas and flames, introduce samples in a constant stream, while discrete atomizers inject individual samples using syringes or autosamplers. The most common discrete atomizer is the electrothermal atomizer.

Mass Analyzers: Overview

Mass Analyzers: Overview

The mass analyzer is a crucial component of the mass spectrometer. In the ionization chamber, the vaporized sample is bombarded with a high-energy electron beam to generate a radical cation and further fragment into neutral molecules, radicals, and cations. A series of negatively charged accelerator plates accelerate the cations into the mass analyzer. The mass analyzer separates ions according to their mass-to-charge (m/z) ratios and then directs them to the detector. The common types of mass...

X-ray Imaging

X-ray Imaging

German physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (1845–1923) was experimenting with electrical current when he discovered that a mysterious and invisible "ray" would pass through his flesh but leave an outline of his bones on a screen coated with a metal compound. In 1895, Röntgen made the first durable record of the internal parts of a living human: an "X-ray" image (as it came to be called) of his wife’s hand. Scientists worldwide quickly began their own experiments with...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Erratum: Footprints of the QCD Crossover on Cosmological Gravitational Waves at Pulsar Timing Arrays [Phys. Rev. Lett. 132, 081001 (2024)].

Physical review letters·2024

Same author

Footprints of the QCD Crossover on Cosmological Gravitational Waves at Pulsar Timing Arrays.

Physical review letters·2024

Same author

Improved Hot Dark Matter Bound on the QCD Axion.

Physical review letters·2023

Same author

Do Direct Detection Experiments Constrain Axionlike Particles Coupled to Electrons?

Physical review letters·2022

Same author

Search for a Scalar Induced Stochastic Gravitational Wave Background in the Third LIGO-Virgo Observing Run.

Physical review letters·2022

Same author

COVID-19 transmission risk factors.

Pathogens and global health·2021

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 25, 2025

$Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2$

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

Published on: December 8, 2016

High Quality QCD Axion at Gravitational Wave Observatories.

Ricardo Z Ferreira¹, Alessio Notari², Oriol Pujolàs¹

¹Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE) and The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.

Physical Review Letters

|April 27, 2022

Summary

Heavy QCD axion models, which solve the strong CP problem, can be detected using gravitational wave (GW) signals from cosmic strings and electric dipole moment measurements. Future observatories will further probe these axion models.

More Related Videos

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

$Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2$

Studying Soft-matter and Biological Systems over a Wide Length-scale from Nanometer and Micrometer Sizes at the Small-angle Neutron Diffractometer KWS-2

Published on: December 8, 2016

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

The Generation of Higher-order Laguerre-Gauss Optical Beams for High-precision Interferometry

Published on: August 12, 2013

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Implementation of a Reference Interferometer for Nanodetection

Published on: April 26, 2014

Area of Science:

Particle Physics
Cosmology
Astrophysics

Background:

The strong CP problem in quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is a major puzzle.
Axion models offer a solution but face a 'quality problem' with Peccei-Quinn symmetry breaking.
Heavy QCD axion models avoid this quality problem, making them theoretically appealing.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the detectability of heavy QCD axion models.
To explore the use of gravitational waves and electric dipole moments as probes.
To predict the reach of future observatories for these models.

Main Methods:

Analyzing the stochastic gravitational wave (GW) signal from axionic string-domain wall networks.
Considering upcoming measurements of neutron and proton electric dipole moments.
Extrapolating sensitivity reach for future GW observatories.

Main Results:

Generic heavy QCD axion models can be probed by current LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA interferometers.
The stochastic GW background provides a unique signature.
Electric dipole moment measurements offer complementary constraints.

Conclusions:

Heavy QCD axion models are experimentally accessible.
Gravitational wave astronomy and precision measurements are powerful tools for exploring fundamental physics.
Future GW observatories will significantly enhance our ability to test these models.