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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 7, 2025

Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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Do Direct Detection Experiments Constrain Axionlike Particles Coupled to Electrons?

Ricardo Z Ferreira1, M C David Marsh2, Eike Müller2

  • 1Institut de Física d'Altes Energies (IFAE) and Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology (BIST), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain.

Physical Review Letters
|June 17, 2022
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Summary

Axionlike particles (ALPs) decaying into photons cannot be dark matter if their lifetime is shorter than the Universe's age. Astrophysical constraints on ALPs supersede laboratory limits for dark matter searches in the 6 keV to 1 MeV mass range.

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Area of Science:

  • Particle physics
  • Cosmology
  • Astrophysics

Background:

  • Laboratory experiments have set limits on axionlike particles (ALPs) as dark matter candidates.
  • These limits assume ALPs have feeble couplings to electrons and masses in the keV to MeV range.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the viability of ALPs as dark matter based on their decay properties.
  • To assess the impact of ALP radiative decay on existing experimental limits.
  • To compare laboratory limits with astrophysical constraints.

Main Methods:

  • Analyzing the radiative decay of ALPs into photons.
  • Calculating ALP lifetimes as a function of mass and coupling strength.
  • Comparing ALP lifetimes with the age of the Universe.
  • Examining astrophysical constraints from X-ray and gamma-ray observations.

Main Results:

  • For a significant parameter space, ALPs have lifetimes shorter than the age of the Universe.
  • This finding invalidates ALPs as dark matter in these regions.
  • Astrophysical constraints from X-ray and gamma-ray astronomy are more stringent than laboratory limits for dark matter ALPs in the 6 keV to 1 MeV mass range.

Conclusions:

  • Published laboratory limits from experiments like GERDA, Edelweiss-III, SuperCDMS, and Majorana need reinterpretation.
  • Astrophysical observations provide stronger constraints on dark matter ALPs in the specified mass range.
  • Model-independent conclusions hold unless significant fine-tuning is introduced in theoretical models.