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Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile and Chemical Senses

Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.

Introduction to Special Senses

Introduction to Special Senses

Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...

Sensory Functions of the Skin

Sensory Functions of the Skin

The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...

Somatosensation

Somatosensation

The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

Sensory Perception: Organization of the Somatosensory System

The somatosensory system is the central and peripheral nervous system component that senses and processes touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and body position or proprioception. The process of sensation takes place at three levels:
The receptor level:
The receptor level is the first stage of sensation. It involves the detection of a stimulus by specialized sensory receptors. The stimulus must arrive within the receptor's receptive field. Next, the receptor converts the energy of the...

Perception

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

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Electrotactile Perception Properties and Its Applications: A Review.

Ziliang Zhou, Yicheng Yang, Jinbiao Liu

IEEE Transactions on Haptics

|April 27, 2022

Summary

Cutaneous electrotactile stimulation offers a portable and efficient alternative to current haptic systems. This review explores its perception and applications, highlighting its potential for human-machine interaction despite control challenges.

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Last Updated: Sep 25, 2025

A Tactile Automated Passive-Finger Stimulator TAPS

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Measurement of Vibration Detection Threshold and Tactile Spatial Acuity in Human Subjects

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Published on: September 1, 2016

Tactile Semiautomatic Passive-Finger Angle Stimulator TSPAS

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Area of Science:

Human-Computer Interaction
Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience

Background:

Current haptic systems face limitations in cost, size, and efficiency, hindering human-machine interaction.
Cutaneous electrotactile stimulation presents a promising, portable, and efficient alternative technology.
Understanding electrotactile perception is crucial for advancing haptic feedback systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To review and provide insight into cutaneous electrotactile perception.
To summarize research on perceptual properties and evaluation methods.
To categorize and discuss electrotactile applications in various fields.

Main Methods:

Literature review and synthesis of existing research.
Analysis of perceptual properties and human response to electrotactile stimulation.
Categorization of applications including prostheses control, sensory substitution, and restoration.

Main Results:

Electrotactile feedback demonstrates superiority in efficiency and flexibility.
Research has summarized perceptual properties and evaluation methods for electrotactile stimulation.
Applications span prostheses control, sensory substitution, and sensorimotor restoration.

Conclusions:

Electrotactile stimulation is a viable and efficient technology for advanced haptic feedback.
Challenges remain in precise control due to complex factors and limited evaluation methods.
Future innovation in electrotactile theory is needed to enhance perception control and reduce implementation costs.