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Association between obesity during different age periods and multiple sclerosis in Saudi Arabia: A multicenter
Osama A Al-Wutayd1, Ashri G Mohamed1, Jameelah A Saeedi1
1From the Department of Family and Community Medicine (Al-Wutayd), Unaizah College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Unaizah, Department of Family and Community Medicine Department (Mohamed), King Khalid University Hospital, King Abdullah bin Abdul-Aziz University Hospital (Saeedi), Princess Nora bint Abdulrahman University, King Fahad Medical City (Al Jumah), Ministry of Health, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center-King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences (Al Jumah), Riyadh, and from King Fahad General Hospital (Alotaibi), Ministry of Health, Jedda, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Objectives:
To determine whether body size in different age periods is associated with an increased risk of MS in Saudi Arabia.
Methods:
This study included 307 MS patients and 307 healthy controls from clinics and hospital wards in three cities (Riyadh, Jeddah, and Dammam) in Saudi Arabia (2016-2017). We used Stunkard's standard body silhouettes to determine the participants' body sizes (from 1 to 9) during different age periods (school levels). We calculated adjusted odds ratios (AORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and performed multivariable analysis adjusted for age and gender.
Results:
Large body sizes (silhouettes 6-9) and body size 5 during intermediate school were associated with an increased risk of MS (AOR: 3.75, 95% CI: 1.10-12.78 and AOR: 3.75, 95% CI: 1.41-10, respectively). The smallest body size (1) during intermediate school was associated with a lower risk of MS (AOR: 0.39, 95% CI: 0.17-0.90) compared to body size 3.
Conclusion:
Overweight and obesity during the intermediate school period (ages 13-15 years) are associated with an increased risk of MS, particularly among females.
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