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Related Concept Videos

Post-traumatic Stress Disorder01:27

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Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a psychiatric condition that arises following exposure to traumatic events such as natural disasters, forced displacement, or severe accidents. It significantly impairs individuals' ability to cope with daily activities and disrupts their emotional and psychological equilibrium.
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Avoidance behaviour generalizes to eye processing in posttraumatic stress disorder.

Sélim Yahia Coll1,2,3, Francis Eustache1, Franck Doidy1

  • 1Neuropsychologie et Imagerie de la Mémoire Humaine, Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, PSL Université Recherche, EPHE, INSERM, Caen, France.

European Journal of Psychotraumatology
|April 28, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maladaptive avoidance in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) extends to social cues, affecting how individuals with PTSD process emotional gazes. This avoidance is linked to reduced attention to sad eyes, suggesting new therapeutic targets for PTSD.

Keywords:
PTSDemotionseye avoidanceeye-trackingsocial cognition

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Avoidance is a core symptom of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), often manifesting as a coping mechanism for trauma-related stimuli.
  • Problematic avoidance, when it becomes a primary coping strategy, significantly contributes to the development and persistence of PTSD.
  • Avoidance in PTSD can generalize to non-harmful cues perceived as threatening, impacting daily functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether avoidance behaviors in individuals with PTSD extend to social cues, specifically emotional gazes unrelated to trauma.
  • To determine if individuals diagnosed with PTSD exhibit altered attention patterns towards social stimuli compared to non-traumatized individuals.

Main Methods:

  • A gaze-cueing task was administered to 159 participants, including individuals exposed to the 2015 Paris terrorist attacks (with and without PTSD) and a non-exposed control group.
  • Participant's attention to the eye region of sad, happy, and neutral faces was monitored using an eyetracker.
  • Data from 52 PTSD+ participants, 50 PTSD- participants, and 53 non-exposed participants were included in the final analysis.

Main Results:

  • Participants with PTSD showed significantly reduced fixation duration on the eyes of sad faces compared to PTSD- and non-exposed individuals.
  • This reduced attention to sad eyes was negatively correlated with the severity of avoidance symptoms.
  • No significant differences in attention were observed for neutral or happy faces across the groups.

Conclusions:

  • Maladaptive avoidance in PTSD encompasses social processing, including eye contact and the perception of others' emotions, even when unrelated to the original trauma.
  • These findings highlight potential sociocognitive deficits in PTSD related to social cue processing.
  • Targeting eye processing and sociocognitive deficits may offer novel therapeutic avenues for mitigating maladaptive avoidance behaviors in PTSD.