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Sodium Selenite Diminished the Regulatory T Cell Differentiation In Vitro.

E E Uresti-Rivera1, G Méndez-Frausto2, M N Medina-Rosales3

  • 1Laboratory of Immunology and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, UASLP, San Luis Potosí, Mexico.

Biological Trace Element Research
|April 29, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Sodium selenite reversibly impacts regulatory T cell differentiation. This study shows selenium affects immune cell percentages and IL-10 levels, suggesting a role in modulating immune responses.

Keywords:
CTLA-4Foxp3SeleniumSodium seleniteTET3Treg cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Sodium selenite is known to modulate lymphocyte activity, potentially enhancing immune responses.
  • Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play a crucial role in immune suppression and maintaining self-tolerance.
  • Understanding how micronutrients like selenium influence Treg differentiation is vital for immune health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of sodium selenite on the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) in vitro.
  • To determine if selenium influences the expression of key Treg markers and associated molecules.
  • To explore the reversibility of selenium's effects on Treg differentiation.

Main Methods:

  • CD4+ T cell cultures were stimulated with IL-2 and TGF-β in the presence or absence of sodium selenite.
  • Flow cytometry was used to quantify percentages of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+, CD4+CD25+, and CD4+CTLA-4+ cells.
  • RT-qPCR and ELISA were employed to analyze mRNA and protein levels of TET2/3 enzymes and IL-10.

Main Results:

  • Sodium selenite decreased CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ and CD4+CTLA-4+ cell percentages, which normalized upon selenium removal.
  • Selenium exposure altered TET2/3 enzyme expression and increased IL-10 transcription and protein levels.
  • An increase in CD4+CTLA-4+ cells was observed in selenium-primed cultures without IL-2 and TGF-β stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • Selenium, in the form of sodium selenite, reversibly affects regulatory T cell differentiation in vitro.
  • Selenium may modulate Treg percentages and suppressor molecule expression, potentially fine-tuning immune responses.
  • These findings highlight selenium's role in immune regulation and suggest potential therapeutic applications.