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Congenital Abnormalities in the Infant of a Diabetic Mother

Artemiy Kokhanov1

  • 1Department of Neonatology, Memorial Care Miller Children's and Women's Hospital Long Beach, Long Beach, CA.

Neoreviews
|April 30, 2022
PubMed

Insights

Maternal diabetes increases infant risk for congenital abnormalities, despite advances in pregnancy care. Achieving good glycemic control before conception is critical to prevent birth defects in infants of diabetic mothers.

Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Neonatology

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a prevalent chronic disease globally.
  • Infants born to mothers with diabetes face a higher risk of congenital abnormalities.
  • Despite improved pregnancy care for diabetic women, the risk of birth defects persists.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review congenital anomalies associated with maternal diabetes.
  • To highlight the importance of glycemic control in diabetic pregnancies.
  • To inform neonatal clinicians about diabetic embryopathy risks.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies on maternal diabetes and congenital anomalies.
  • Analysis of mechanisms implicated in diabetic teratogenicity.
  • Discussion of clinical identification of at-risk infants.

Main Results:

  • Maternal diabetes is linked to a spectrum of fetal anomalies affecting multiple organ systems.
  • Teratogenic mechanisms of maternal diabetes are complex and multifactorial.
  • Good pre-conception glycemic control is essential for risk reduction.

Conclusions:

  • Congenital anomalies remain a significant concern for infants of diabetic mothers.
  • Early identification and management of diabetic embryopathy are crucial for neonatal clinicians.
  • Further research into prevention and treatment strategies is warranted.

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