Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 25, 2025

On-line Analysis of Nitrogen Containing Compounds in Complex Hydrocarbon Matrixes
Published on: August 5, 2016
Preparation, characterization of spherical 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethene (FOX-7), and study of its thermal
Xinhua Zhao1, Dan He2, Xiaoping Ma2
1School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, North University of China Taiyuan 030051 China Chen17555@163.com.
Abstract:
The sensitivity and properties of energetic materials strongly depend on their crystal morphology. In this article, spherical 1,1-diamino-2,2-dinitroethylene (FOX-7) was produced via a combination of the cooling crystallization method and repeated grinding technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and laser particle size analysis were used to characterize the structure, infrared characteristics, morphology, and particle size of the product. The results show that the obtained product has a smoother spherical morphology with granularity gradation and shows similar diffraction peak positions to raw FOX-7. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal gravimetry (TG), and accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) were used to analyse the thermal behavior of spherical FOX-7 under nonisothermal and adiabatic conditions. The thermal performance test results show that spherical FOX-7 releases energy faster and releases more energy as compared to raw FOX-7. These findings showed that the cooling crystallization method combined with the repeated grinding technique is suitable for efficient preparation of spherical FOX-7, which could greatly improve the thermal stability of FOX-7.
Related Concept Videos
Carboxylic Acids to Methylesters: Alkylation using Diazomethane
Stability of Conjugated Dienes
A comparison of the enthalpies of hydrogenation of dienes reveals that conjugated dienes release less heat on hydrogenation, rendering them more stable than their nonconjugated analogs.
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Mechanism
Diels–Alder Reaction: Characteristics of Dienes
Characteristics of the diene
Conformation
The simplest example of a diene is 1,3-butadiene, an acyclic conjugated π system. At room temperature, the molecule exists as a mixture of s-cis and s-trans conformers by virtue of rotation around the carbon–carbon single bond. Although the s-trans isomer is...
E1 Reaction: Kinetics and Mechanism
1° Amines to Diazonium or Aryldiazonium Salts: Diazotization with NaNO2 Overview
The nitrous acid is unstable. Hence, it is formed in situ from a solution of sodium nitrite and cold aqueous acids such as hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. In an acidic solution, the –OH group of nitrous acid undergoes protonation to give oxonium ion, followed by...

