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Related Concept Videos

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Impact of Social Context on Individuals

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Social psychology examines how the real or imagined presence of others influences individuals' thoughts, feelings, and behaviors. A key concept in this field is the role of social context in shaping behavior. The same individual may act differently depending on the social setting, due to the varying expectations and norms associated with each environment. This context-dependent behavior illustrates the influence of social roles, which prescribe appropriate conduct in specific situations.Social...
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Social comparison plays a fundamental role in the evaluation of personal success and self-worth. Rather than assessing our achievements in isolation, we interpret their significance relative to personal goals and critically in comparison to the performance of others. A grade of B in a mathematics exam might elicit pride if one's expectation was a C, yet result in disappointment if an A was anticipated or if peers achieved superior results. These comparative evaluations illustrate how both...
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Lev Vygotsky, a pioneering Russian psychologist, developed a theory of cognitive development that centers on the influence of social and cultural factors. Unlike Jean Piaget, who emphasized the child's direct interaction with the physical world as key to development, Vygotsky argued that cognitive growth is an interpersonal process that unfolds within a cultural context. For Vygotsky, a child's learning cannot be separated from their social environment, which includes the values,...
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Self-esteem is intricately tied to our perception of competence and our ability to exert control over our lives. One of the primary sources of this perception is performance feedback — the ongoing evaluation of our actions in terms of success and failure. According to Franks and Marolla (1976), people derive self-worth from experiencing themselves as causal agents, capable of achieving goals and overcoming obstacles. This process nurtures a critical component of self-esteem:...
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According to George Herbert Mead, as children progress beyond the game stage, they develop a more comprehensive understanding of societal rules and norms. This cognitive and social development enables them to internalize the expectations of the broader community, refining their ability to regulate behavior.Consistent participation in organized activities is crucial in helping children recognize that their actions are not isolated but contribute to a more significant, interconnected group...
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Despite the strong genetic influence on traits like intelligence, environmental factors significantly shape outcomes. For example, while over 90% of height variation is due to genetic differences, environmental factors such as nutrition also have a notable impact. Similarly, for intelligence, changes in a child's surroundings can significantly alter their IQ. Research shows that enriched environments boost children's academic success and help them develop key cognitive skills. Children...
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Contextualizing school achievement among vulnerable learners: Implications for science and practice: Commentary.

Laurie E Cutting1

  • 1Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.

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|May 2, 2022
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This special issue addresses school achievement gaps for vulnerable learners, emphasizing the need for new scientific approaches and policies to overcome educational inequities.

Keywords:
geneticsminoritized childrenneurosciencepovertyvulnerable children

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Area of Science:

  • Educational Psychology
  • Neurobiology
  • Policy Studies

Background:

  • Vulnerable learners are often neglected in scientific studies, leading to persistent achievement gaps.
  • Existing research and policies have not adequately addressed the complex needs of these students.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of current research on school achievement among vulnerable learners.
  • To propose a framework for future research and policy development.
  • To highlight the need for interdisciplinary approaches to understand and support vulnerable students.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of diverse research methodologies, including large-scale data analysis and neurobiological studies.
  • Review of policy findings and existing literature.
  • Inclusion of small-scale empirical studies.

Main Results:

  • A broad range of scientific perspectives and populations are represented, offering a holistic view.
  • Data spans from federal/state programs to granular neurobiological insights.
  • Identified a critical need to shift current paradigms in research and policy.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing inequities requires rethinking educational policies, funding allocation, and scientific inquiry methods.
  • A broadened scientific lens is crucial for understanding the causes and consequences of vulnerable learners' challenges.
  • This special issue offers significant insights for advancing both science and practice in supporting neglected student populations.