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Atherosclerosis I: Introduction01:30

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder characterized by the buildup of plaques on the arterial inner wall, causing them to narrow and harden over time. These plaques comprise lipids, calcium, blood components, carbohydrates, and fibrous tissue. The process primarily affects the intima of large and medium-sized arteries, reducing blood flow in any artery.Etiology and risk factorsThe cause of atherosclerosis is multifactorial, involving a complex interplay among endothelial injury, lipid...
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The Body Mass Index (BMI) is a numerical value derived from a person's weight and height, used to categorize individuals into weight ranges. It is calculated using the formula: weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared. Obesity is a health condition characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue that poses health risks, often diagnosed with a BMI ≥ 30. This excess fat storage occurs when surplus dietary calories are converted into triglycerides and stored in...
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Although not a source of energy, cholesterol plays a significant role as a foundational structure for bile salts, steroid hormones, and vitamin D, as well as being a crucial component of plasma membranes. Approximately 15% of blood cholesterol is derived from our diet, with the remainder synthesized from acetyl CoA by the liver and intestines. Cholesterol is eliminated from the body through its conversion into bile salts, which are eventually discarded in the feces.
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Coronary Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): An Overview with Scientific InsightsCoronary Artery Disease (CAD), often referred to as C-A-D, is a prevalent blood vessel disorder classified under the broader category of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a pathological process characterized by the hardening and narrowing of arteries due to the accumulation of atherosclerotic plaques. These plaques are composed of cholesterol, fatty substances, inflammatory cells, calcium, and fibrin, reducing blood flow to...
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Coronary Artery Disease II: Pathophysiology01:26

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Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) originates from a series of events that impair the function of coronary arteries, the blood vessels responsible for delivering oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle. The pathophysiology of CAD is closely linked to atherosclerosis, a chronic inflammatory and lipid-driven condition affecting the vascular endothelium.1. Endothelial DamageThe process begins with damage to the vascular endothelium, which serves as a protective barrier between the blood and the vessel...
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Author Spotlight: The Significance of Isolation, Culture, and Adipogenic Induction of SVF-Derived Preadipocytes from Mouse Perivascular Adipose Tissue
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Adipokines, adiposity, and atherosclerosis.

Longhua Liu1, Zunhan Shi2, Xiaohui Ji2

  • 1School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, People's Republic of China. liulonghua@sus.edu.cn.

Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences : CMLS
|May 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary

Obesity-linked atherosclerosis is influenced by adipokines, signaling molecules from fat tissue. This review categorizes adipokines as protective, harmful, or undefined in atherosclerosis, aiding cardiovascular disease (CVD) treatment strategies.

Keywords:
AdiponectinAdipose tissueCardiovascular diseasesLeptinObesity

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Metabolic Disease Research
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Obesity, characterized by excess adiposity, is a major risk factor for atherosclerosis, a primary cause of coronary artery disease (CAD) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.
  • Adipose tissue regulates metabolism and inflammation via adipokines, cytokines with significant roles in cardiovascular health.
  • Adipokines are increasingly recognized for their involvement in the development, progression, and regression of atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and categorize the diverse functions of various adipokines in the context of atherosclerosis.
  • To elucidate the specific roles of different adipokines, classifying them as protective, deteriorative, or undefined in atherosclerosis.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview that may guide novel therapeutic strategies for CVDs.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating adipokines and their relationship with atherosclerosis.
  • Categorization of identified adipokines based on their functional impact (protective, deteriorative, undefined) on atherosclerosis.
  • Synthesis of findings to present a cohesive understanding of adipokine involvement in atherosclerosis.

Main Results:

  • Adipokines exhibit varied roles in atherosclerosis, broadly classified into protective and deteriorative.
  • Protective adipokines include adiponectin, fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF-21), C1q tumor necrosis factor-related protein 9 (CTRP9), and progranulin.
  • Deteriorative adipokines encompass leptin, chemerin, resistin, and Interleukin-6 (IL-6), with other adipokines having undefined roles.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the dual roles of adipokines in atherosclerosis is crucial for developing targeted therapies.
  • Comprehensive categorization of adipokines aids in deciphering complex atherogenic pathways.
  • This classification may pave the way for novel therapeutic interventions to combat cardiovascular diseases.