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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Somatosensory, Motor, and Association Cortex01:24

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The somatosensory cortex in the parietal lobes is crucial for interpreting sensory data such as touch, temperature, and proprioception. The somatosensory cortex, situated in the parietal lobes, plays a vital role in interpreting sensory information like touch, temperature, and proprioception—awareness of body position. This specialized brain region features an organized structure wherein neurons at the top primarily process sensations originating from the lower body. In contrast, those at...
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Motor and Sensory Areas of the Cortex01:14

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The cerebral cortex, the brain's outermost layer, is pivotal in processing complex cognitive tasks, emotions, and various sensory inputs and executing voluntary motor activities. This intricate structure is divided into three primary functional areas: the motor areas, sensory areas, and association areas.
Motor Areas
The motor areas located in the frontal lobe are central to controlling voluntary movements. This region is further subdivided into the primary motor cortex and the premotor cortex....
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors
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Cheek Injection Model for Simultaneous Measurement of Pain and Itch-related Behaviors

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Infralimbic cortex-medial striatum projections modulate the itch processing.

Miao Chen1, Ting He1, Xiao-Han Yi1

  • 1Experimental Center of Basic Medicine, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.

Experimental Neurology
|May 3, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The infralimbic cortex (IL) regulates itch processing. Inhibiting IL neurons reduces scratching, and IL-medial striatum (MS) pathways are key to modulating itch.

Keywords:
Brain mechanismInfralimbic cortexItchMedial striatum

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Primatology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Itch processing involves peripheral and spinal mechanisms, but brain mechanisms remain unclear.
  • The medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), including anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and prelimbic cortex (PrL), is implicated in itch regulation.
  • The role of the infralimbic cortex (IL), another mPFC subregion, in itch processing is unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of the infralimbic cortex (IL) in modulating itch processing.
  • To identify specific neural pathways within the mPFC involved in itch regulation.

Main Methods:

  • Pharmacogenetic manipulation of IL excitatory pyramidal neurons in a rodent model.
  • Electrophysiological recordings to assess neuronal activity during scratching behavior.
  • Anatomical tracing to identify IL projections to the medial striatum (MS).

Main Results:

  • IL excitatory pyramidal neuron activity significantly increased during itch-related scratching.
  • Pharmacogenetic inhibition of IL neurons markedly reduced itch-related scratching behavior.
  • IL-MS projections were identified as a critical neural pathway for itch modulation.

Conclusions:

  • The infralimbic cortex (IL) plays a significant regulatory role in itch processing.
  • IL-MS projections are a key neural circuit involved in modulating itch behavior.