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Opportunistic zygomycotic infections. A literature review
Abstract:
This is a literature review of 361 opportunistic fungal infections caused by the Zygomycetes. The clinical and laboratory diagnosis, pathogenesis, management, treatment, and outcome of infection are discussed. The Zygomycetes are a group of opportunistic fungi (orders Mucorales and Entomophthorales) which cause severe infections which may be fatal. Early clinical recognition, prompt diagnostic procedures, control of underlying disease and treatment with high doses of amphotericin B and aggressive surgery increases survival in an otherwise lethal infection.
Insights
Opportunistic fungal infections caused by Zygomycetes can be fatal. Early diagnosis, controlling underlying conditions, high-dose amphotericin B, and surgery improve survival rates for these severe infections.
Area of Science:
- Mycology
- Infectious Diseases
- Clinical Medicine
Background:
- Zygomycetes, encompassing Mucorales and Entomophthorales orders, are opportunistic fungi.
- These fungi cause severe, potentially fatal infections in susceptible individuals.
- Understanding Zygomycete infections is crucial for clinical management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the literature on opportunistic fungal infections caused by Zygomycetes.
- To discuss the diagnosis, pathogenesis, management, treatment, and outcomes of these infections.
- To provide insights into improving patient survival.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of 361 cases of Zygomycete infections.
- Analysis of clinical and laboratory diagnostic approaches.
- Evaluation of treatment strategies and patient outcomes.
Main Results:
- Zygomycete infections are severe and often lethal if not managed promptly.
- Early clinical recognition and prompt diagnosis are critical.
- Treatment involves high-dose amphotericin B and aggressive surgical intervention.
Conclusions:
- Aggressive management, including early diagnosis, supportive care, amphotericin B, and surgery, significantly increases survival.
- Control of underlying diseases is a key component of successful treatment.
- Further research into Zygomycete pathogenesis and novel therapies is warranted.