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Although Mendel chose seven unrelated traits in peas to study gene segregation, most traits involve multiple gene interactions that create a spectrum of phenotypes. When the interaction of various genes or alleles at different locations influences a phenotype, this is called epistasis. Epistasis often involves one gene masking or interfering with the expression of another (antagonistic epistasis). Epistasis often occurs when different genes are part of the same biochemical pathway. The...
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Natural selection influences the frequencies of particular alleles and phenotypes within populations in several different ways. Primarily, natural selection can be directional, stabilizing, or disruptive. Directional selection favors one extreme trait and shifts the population towards that phenotype while selecting against individuals displaying alternate traits. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate trait with a narrow range of variation. Deviation from the optimal phenotype towards an...
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In addition to multiple alleles at the same locus influencing traits, numerous genes or alleles at different locations may interact and influence phenotypes in a phenomenon called epistasis. For example, rabbit fur can be black or brown depending on whether the animal is homozygous dominant or heterozygous at a TYRP1 locus. However, if the rabbit is also homozygous recessive at a locus on the tyrosinase gene (TYR), it will have an unshaded coat that appears white, regardless of its TYRP1...
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Digital PCR-based Competitive Index for High-throughput Analysis of Fitness in Salmonella
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Capturing indirect genetic effects on phenotypic variability: Competition meets canalization.

Jovana Marjanovic1,2, Han A Mulder1, Lars Rönnegård2,3

  • 1Animal Breeding and Genomics Wageningen University and Research Wageningen The Netherlands.

Evolutionary Applications
|May 4, 2022
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Competition influences inherited variability through indirect genetic effects (IGE). Models for inherited variability can capture these effects, unlike models for trait levels, potentially requiring a two-step analysis for accurate estimation.

Keywords:
IGEcanalizationcompetitionindirect genetic effectsinherited variabilitystatistical models

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Area of Science:

  • Quantitative Genetics
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Animal Breeding
  • Plant Breeding

Background:

  • Phenotypic variability is a heritable trait, studied as inherited variability or environmental canalization.
  • Previous studies focused only on direct genetic effects on inherited variability.
  • Competition in populations suggests a role for indirect genetic effects (IGE) in generating heritable variation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if current statistical models for inherited variability and trait values can capture direct and indirect genetic effects of competition.
  • To understand the contribution of IGEs to the evolution of environmental canalization.
  • To explore methods for exploiting inherited variability in breeding programs.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of statistical models commonly used for IGE and inherited variability.
  • Analysis of direct and indirect genetic effects of competition on variability.
  • Comparison of models for inherited variability versus models for trait levels in capturing competition effects.

Main Results:

  • Direct models of inherited variability effectively capture individuals' genetic sensitivity to competition.
  • Indirect models of inherited variability capture cooperative genetic effects between individuals.
  • Models for trait levels capture only a minor portion of the genetic effects of competition.

Conclusions:

  • Estimation of direct and indirect genetic effects of competition on inherited variability is feasible using models for inherited variability.
  • A two-step analysis may be necessary for accurate estimation of these effects.
  • Understanding IGEs is crucial for predicting evolutionary responses to selection and for breeding applications.