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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

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Distinguishing Between Endodermal and Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines During Somatic Cell Reprogramming
1Graduate Program in Physiology and Osteopathic Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA.
Abstract:
Mouse somatic cell reprogramming using Oct4, Sox2, Klf4 and c-Myc (OSKM) induces formation of two stem cell types: induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells and induced extraembryonic endoderm stem (iXEN) cells. Since both stem cells types routinely arise alongside one another during reprogramming, it is critical to distinguish between both cell types to ensure that the desired cell population is selected and analyzed. This chapter details, from start to finish, how to reprogram mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) using retrovirus and how to distinguish between iXEN and iPS cells at the colony and single-cell levels.
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