Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Fabrication of Gate-tunable Graphene Devices for Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Studies with Coulomb Impurities
Published on: July 24, 2015
Terahertz transverse electric modes in graphene with DC current in hydrodynamic regime
I M Moiseenko1, V V Popov1, D V Fateev1,2
1Kotelnikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics (Saratov Branch), Russian Academy of Sciences, Saratov 410019, Russia.
Abstract:
The dispersion, excitation, and amplification of electromagnetic transverse electric (TE) modes at terahertz (THz) frequencies in graphene in the hydrodynamic (HD) regime, with a direct electric current flowing perpendicular to the TE mode wavevector, were theoretically investigated. The expression for the nonlocal HD conductivity of graphene with a direct electric current flowing perpendicular to the TE mode wavevector was derived. The direct electric current in graphene leads to the capacitive nature of the graphene HD conductivity at THz frequencies, which makes TE modes exist in this frequency range. The excitation of TE modes in graphene by an incident THz wave was modeled for the attenuated total reflection geometry. A new physical mechanism of TE mode amplification in graphene effective for a low value of carrier drift velocity was predicted. THz lasing regimes with TE modes in graphene structure with direct electric current were found. The results of this work can be used to create miniature technologically feasible sources and amplifiers of THz radiation.
Related Concept Videos
Electric Field at the Surface of a Conductor
In the 19th century, Michael Faraday conducted the famous ice pail experiment to prove that the charges always reside on the surface of a conductor. The experimental set-up consists of a conducting uncharged container mounted on an insulating stand. The outer surface of the container is...
Electric Field Inside a Conductor
Suppose a piece of metal is placed near a positive charge. The free electrons in the metal are attracted to the external positive charge and migrate freely toward that region. This region then...
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's...
Induced Electric Fields: Applications
Induced Electric Fields
Induced Electric Dipoles
Since the absolute value of potential energy holds no physical meaning, its zero value can be chosen as per...

