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Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms03:26

Electron Configuration of Multielectron Atoms

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The alkali metal sodium (atomic number 11) has one more electron than the neon atom. This electron must go into the lowest-energy subshell available, the 3s orbital, giving a 1s22s22p63s1 configuration. The electrons occupying the outermost shell orbital(s) (highest value of n) are called valence electrons, and those occupying the inner shell orbitals are called core electrons. Since the core electron shells correspond to noble gas electron configurations, we can abbreviate electron...
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Isolated atoms have discrete energy levels that are well described by the Bohr model. And, it quantifies the energy of an electron in a hydrogen atom as En. Higher quantum numbers 'n' yield less negative, closer electron energy levels.
 Band Formation:
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Electron Configurations

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Electron configurations and orbital diagrams can be determined by applying the Aufbau principle (each added electron occupies the subshell of lowest energy available), Pauli exclusion principle (no two electrons can have the same set of four quantum numbers), and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity (whenever possible, electrons retain unpaired spins in degenerate orbitals).
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Electron Carriers01:24

Electron Carriers

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Electron carriers can be thought of as electron shuttles. These compounds can easily accept electrons (i.e., be reduced) or lose them (i.e., be oxidized). They play an essential role in energy production because cellular respiration is contingent on the flow of electrons.
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The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom02:45

The Quantum-Mechanical Model of an Atom

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Shortly after de Broglie published his ideas that the electron in a hydrogen atom could be better thought of as being a circular standing wave instead of a particle moving in quantized circular orbits, Erwin Schrödinger extended de Broglie’s work by deriving what is now known as the Schrödinger equation. When Schrödinger applied his equation to hydrogen-like atoms, he was able to reproduce Bohr’s expression for the energy and, thus, the Rydberg formula governing hydrogen spectra.
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Electron Orbital Model01:18

Electron Orbital Model

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Orbitals are the areas outside of the atomic nucleus where electrons are most likely to reside. They are characterized by different energy levels, shapes, and three-dimensional orientations. The location of electrons is described most generally by a shell or principal energy level, then by a subshell within each shell, and finally, by individual orbitals found within the subshells.
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Single electrons on solid neon as a solid-state qubit platform.

Xianjing Zhou1, Gerwin Koolstra2, Xufeng Zhang1

  • 1Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, USA.

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a novel quantum bit (qubit) using single electrons on solid neon. This electron-on-neon platform demonstrates promising coherence and operation times for quantum computing applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing hardware
  • Solid-state quantum information systems
  • Electron quantum states

Background:

  • Quantum computer development relies on advanced qubit building blocks.
  • Electrons are fundamental quantum information carriers, but their performance depends on the material environment.
  • Existing qubit platforms face challenges in achieving long coherence, fast operation, and scalability simultaneously.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally realize a novel qubit platform using isolated single electrons trapped on solid neon.
  • To integrate this electron-on-neon system into a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture.
  • To demonstrate strong coupling between electron motional states and microwave photons for qubit operations.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental realization of trapping single electrons on an ultraclean solid neon surface in vacuum.
  • Integration of an electron trap within a circuit quantum electrodynamics architecture.
  • Implementation of qubit gate operations and dispersive readout using on-chip superconducting resonators.

Main Results:

  • Achieved strong coupling between single electron motional states and single microwave photons.
  • Measured an energy relaxation time (T1) of 15 microseconds.
  • Measured a phase coherence time (T2) exceeding 200 nanoseconds.

Conclusions:

  • The electron-on-solid-neon qubit platform demonstrates competitive performance, nearing the state-of-the-art for charge qubits.
  • This platform offers a promising new avenue for constructing scalable quantum computers and quantum information systems.
  • The achieved coherence and operation times highlight the potential of electrons as robust quantum information carriers in tailored environments.