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Bioavailability of phosphorus and kidney function in the Jackson Heart Study
Chi N Duong1, Oladimeji J Akinlawon1, Joseph Gung2
1Department of Biomedical and Nutritional Sciences and Center for Population Health, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA, USA.
The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition
|May 5, 2022
Summary
High phosphorus intake, particularly from additives, is linked to reduced kidney function. Natural phosphorus sources did not show this association, suggesting a need to examine food additives for kidney health.
Area of Science:
- Nutritional Science
- Nephrology
- Public Health
Background:
- High phosphorus (P) exposure can negatively impact kidney function.
- Nutrient databases often lack information on phosphorus bioavailability from different food sources.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess natural, added, and bioavailable phosphorus intake in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS) cohort.
- To investigate the association between various phosphorus intake metrics and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Main Methods:
- Dietary intake was assessed using a Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) in 3962 African-American participants.
- Phosphorus sources were categorized as naturally occurring or added, and intake was adjusted for bioavailability.
- Multivariable regression models were used to analyze the relationship between phosphorus variables and eGFR.
Main Results:
- Total, added, bioavailable total, and bioavailable added phosphorus intakes were significantly associated with lower eGFR.
- Major sources of total phosphorus included fish, milk, and beef; added phosphorus sources included fish, beef, and processed meats.
- Neither total nor bioavailable phosphorus from natural sources showed an association with eGFR.
Conclusions:
- Added phosphorus, but not natural phosphorus, was negatively associated with kidney function.
- Concerns are raised regarding the impact of phosphorus additives in the food supply on kidney health.
- Further research is needed to refine dietary phosphorus exposure assessment and clarify the role of added phosphorus in kidney disease risk.
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