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Updated: Sep 24, 2025

Gene-environment Interaction Models to Unmask Susceptibility Mechanisms in Parkinson's Disease
Published on: January 7, 2014
Prodromal depression and subsequent risk of developing Parkinson's disease: a systematic review with meta-analysis
Syeda Beenish Bareeqa1, Syeda Sana Samar2, Sufiyan Kamal2
1Medical Graduate, Jinnah Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Sindh, 74800, Pakistan.
Abstract:
Aim: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurological disorder that predominately affects dopaminergic neurons. We believe that this pooling of data will help to better understand the prodromal nature of depression in PD. Materials & methods: We conducted this study in accordance with PRISMA guidelines 2020. Fifteen eligible articles were shortlisted for final analysis. Risk of bias assessment was also conducted Results: The random-effect model revealed that the risk of subsequent PD in patients with prodromal depression was twice as likely (odds ratio, 2.04; 95% CI, 1.02-4.08) as compared with a healthy population. Conclusion: Our meta-analysis concluded that the subsequent risk of PD is significantly higher in patients with depression as compared with healthy individuals.
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