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Related Concept Videos

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll01:11

Alterations in Muscle Tone lll

Rigidity and myotonia are distinct abnormalities of muscle tone that affect resistance and relaxation during movement. Although both involve altered muscle contraction, they arise from different neurological and muscular mechanisms.CharacteristicsRigidity is characterized by uniform resistance to passive movement across the entire range, independent of speed, affecting flexors and extensors equally. It may appear as lead-pipe rigidity (smooth, constant resistance) or cogwheel rigidity...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 11, 2026

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
08:16

Utility of Dissociated Intrinsic Hand Muscle Atrophy in the Diagnosis of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis

Published on: March 4, 2014

Functional Motor Change Across Time and Phenotypes in Patients With Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Descriptive

Elissa C Held-Bradford1, Elisabeth DeMarco2, Samantha Zocher2

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy and Athletic Training, Saint Louis University, MO, USA.

Neurorehabilitation and Neural Repair
|June 10, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Functional motor decline in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) varies by onset phenotype. Detailed measures reveal distinct patterns of weakness, aiding clinical decisions for persons with ALS.

Keywords:
amyotrophic lateral sclerosisfunctionhealth outcomesphenotypes

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Published on: June 13, 2025

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Motor Neuron Diseases
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Progressive disability is characteristic of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS).
  • Understanding functional motor changes over time across different ALS phenotypes is crucial but understudied.
  • This limits precise clinical decision-making for persons with ALS (pALS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe functional motor changes in pALS across distinct phenotypes.
  • To utilize detailed motor assessments to enhance clinical decision-making.
  • To provide insights into disease progression for improved patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized electronic health records from an interdisciplinary ALS clinic (2018-2022).
  • Included 109 pALS with data on demographics, ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R), and functional motor scores (10m Walk, grip/ankle strength).
  • Phenotypes were defined by site of onset (bulbar, upper limb, lower limb); analysis used 3-month intervals.

Main Results:

  • ALSFRS-R decline was most significant in the bulbar onset group.
  • Detailed motor scores showed greatest grip strength loss in bulbar/upper limb, ankle strength loss in upper limb, and walking speed decline in lower limb.
  • Upper limb onset patients showed preservation of community ambulation.

Conclusions:

  • Despite similar ALSFRS-R scores in upper and lower limb onset groups, detailed functional motor measures reveal distinct progression patterns.
  • These findings offer valuable insights for guiding clinical management and future research directions.
  • Enhanced understanding of phenotype-specific motor decline can improve care for pALS.