Relative cooling power modeling of lanthanum manganites using Gaussian process regression

Efficient solid-state refrigeration techniques at room temperature have drawn increasing attention due to their potential for improving energy efficiency of refrigeration, air-conditioning, and temperature-control systems without using harmful gas in conventional gas compression techniques. Recent developments of increased magnetocaloric effects and relative cooling power (RCP) in ferromagnetic lanthanum manganites show promising results of further developments in magnetic refrigeration devices. By incorporating chemical substitutions, oxygen content modifications, and various synthesis methods, these manganites experience lattice distortions from perovskite cubic structures to orthorhombic structures. Lattice distortions, revealed by changes in lattice parameters, have significant influences on adiabatic temperature changes and isothermal magnetic entropy changes, and thus RCP. Empirical results and previous models through thermodynamics and first-principles have shown that changes in lattice parameters correlate with those in RCP, but correlations are merely general tendencies and obviously not universal. In this work, the Gaussian process regression model is developed to find statistical correlations and predict RCP based on lattice parameters among lanthanum manganites. This modeling approach demonstrates a high degree of accuracy and stability, contributing to efficient and low-cost estimations of RCP and understandings of magnetic phase transformations and magnetocaloric effects in lanthanum manganites.